จักรกฤษณ์ เตชะอภัยคุณ. Study on Multiple Xylanases from Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp.. Doctoral Degree(Biochemical Technology). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2005.
Study on Multiple Xylanases from Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp.
Abstract:
Alkaliphilic thermotolerant Bacillus sp. strain C-1 was identified as 99% similarity to Bacillus halodurans C-125 by 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence analysis.
It produced cellulase-free xylanases when grown in an alkaline xylan medium. The optimum pH of the crude enzyme was 6.0 and it was stable in a wide range
of pH 5.0 to 9.0. The optimum temperature of the crude enzyme was 70oC and it was stable up to 60oC. Zymogram analysis showed that the crude enzyme
consisted of six xylanases with the molecular weight of 47.0, 43.0, 39.0, 34.3, 23.0 and 22.4 kDa. Among them, 23.0 and 22.4 kDa xylanases had binding
ability to insoluble xylan. The crude enzyme was able to hydrolyze xylan in agricultural wastes such as corn husk, sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, corn cob
and rice bran as well as xylan in kraft pulps such as sugarcane pulp, eucalyptus pulp and pine pulp. Xylanase I and xylanase II with molecular weights of 23.0
and 47.0 kDa, respectively, were purified to homogeneity from the crude enzyme by DEAE-Toyopearl, DEAE-Hiprep FF16/10 and Mono-Q HR 5/5 chromatography.
The purified xylanase I exhibited an optimum pH at 7.0, whereas the purified xylanase II had an optimum pH in a wide range of pH 5.0 to 9.0. The pH stability of both purified xylanases was observed in a broad pH range. The purified xylanase I showed the highest activity at 60oC while the purified xylanase II had an optimum temperature at 70oC and it was more stable than the purified xylanase I. The Km and Vmax of the purified xylanase I were 4.33 mgml-1 and 63.5 ?molmin-1mg-1, respectively, whereas the purified xylanase II had a Km value of 0.30 mgml-1 and a Vmax of 210 ?molmin-1mg-1. Both purified xylanases were endoxylanases with different modes of action. The hydrolysis products of soluble oat spelt xylan by both xylanases were also different. The synergy between two purified xylanases was specified by a 116% increase in reducing sugars released by a combination of two xylanases as compared with the sum of reducing sugars by the individual xylanases.The purification of extracellular xylanase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. K-8 by a simple method using its own insoluble substrate was studied. The pH, temperature and hydrolytic products, reducing sugar were found to affect the adsorption of xylanase to corn husk. Mild denaturants such as urea and sodium dodecyl sulphate, reducing sugar and triethylamine also affected the desorption of xylanase from xylanase-corn husk complex. The formation of hydrolytic product, sugars was prevented by controlling
the condition at low pH and low temperature during purification steps. Under this control condition, xylanase from Bacillus sp. K-8 was purified to homogeneity in a single step by affinity adsorption-desorption on corn husk column.N-terminal amino acid sequence of xylan-binding xylanase produced from B. firmus K-1 was analyzed. The sequence was Lys-Phe-Val-Thr-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Val-Val-Ile-Ala.
The xbx gene encoding a xylan-binding xylanase was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The DNA sequence of the clone revealed that an open reading frame was 633 bp encoding a polypeptide of 210 codons. The molecular weight of recombinant xylanase was approximately 19.8 kDa. The recombinant xylanase hydrolyzed ?-1,4-glycosidic linkage of xylan and had strong xylan-binding ability. Moreover, the study of three dimensional structure by homology modeling of this xylan-binding xylanase gives similar three dimensional structure of xylanase of Bacillus circulans (1BVV.pdb).