Abstract:
This study was purposed to extract phytochemicals from pulp and seed of Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. pods using ethanol and different extraction methods, i.e., shaking extraction, soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Phytochemical content, antioxidant activities and physico-chemical properties of the Albizia saman extracts were determined. The results revealed that the pulp extracted by soxhlet extraction method significantly showed the highest phytochemicals content in which phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid content was equal to 32.58±1.74 mg GAE/g extract, 23.84±1.15 mg QE/g extract and 9.65±0.30 mg AE/g extract, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, the pulp extracted by soxhlet extraction method also significantly provided the greatest antioxidant activity of 22.28±0.51 และ 16.98±0.52 mg TE/g extract assayed by DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), respectively (p < 0.05). While the pulp extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction showed the highest saponin content of 217.27±7.74 mg DE/g extract. Correlation analysis demonstrated that phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid content was strongly correlated with the antioxidant activities, while the correlation between saponin content and the antioxidant activities was poor. For physico-chemical properties of the pulp extract, it was found that the extract can be excellently dissolved in ethanol with the highest solubility of 4,5% w/v. The solubility of extract can be increased under acidic conditions, while the presence of alkaline can induce the color intensity.
It can be summarized that extraction method had significant effect on phytochemical content and bioactivities of the Albizia saman pod extract. The pulp extract could show a potential for further application in cosmetic industries.