Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of ganodermataceae with emphasis on China and the Greater Mekong Subregion

Name: Hapuarachchi, Kalani Kanchana

Address: 333 Moo1, Thasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100

Organization : Mae Fah Luang University. School of Science. Biosciences

Email : ask.library@mfu.ac.th

keyword: Taxonomic and phylogenetic

LCSH: Greater Mekong Subregion

Classification :.LCCS: QK898.B54

LCSH: Ganodermataceae -- China

LCSH: Plant bioactive compounds

LCSH: Phylogeny

Abstract: The taxa of Ganodermataceae have been widely used as traditional medicines in Asia, especially in China, Japan and Korea and are broadly researched, because of their prized medicinal value. Ganoderma have been widely used in multiple therapeutic activities as well as dietary supplements to prevent and treat many diseases. Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) is one of the most sought after species within the genus, since it is believed to have considerable therapeutic properties. Several classes of bioactive substances have been isolated and identified from Ganoderma, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleosides, sterols, fatty acids, protein and alkaloids. In addition, species in Amauroderma have been newly recognized as medicinal fungi. There are numerous research publications, which report the abundance and variety of biological actions initiated by the metabolites of Ganoderma and Amauroderma. Investigation on different metabolic activities of Ganoderma species has been performed both in vitro and in vivo. Research on various metabolic activities of Amauroderma have been performed in vitro studies, however, there has been no report of in vivo studies and human trials using Amauroderma as a direct control agent for diseases. Furthermore, in many cases, it has been questioned whether Ganoderma is solely a nourishment supplement for wellbeing or merely a helpful "medication" for restorative purposes. There has been no any conclusive report of human trials using Ganoderma species as a direct control agent for diseases. In addition, there is no evidence supporting the usage of Ganoderma species (excluding G. lucidum) as potential supplements for cancer or other diseases in humans since no preclinical trials have been performed up to date. In this research, the beneficial medicinal properties of several species of Ganoderma and Amauroderma and their secondary metabolites are discussed. These species can be used as a therapeutic drug, but more direct scientific evidences should be made available in the future. The efficiency of taxa of Ganodermataceae in clinical treatments should be substantiated with more biomedical research and their true impact assessed on human health with more standardized clinical evaluations, so that the feasibility of biologically active extracts of Ganodermataceae species in alternative treatments can be recommended. Over the past two decades, the Ganoderma industry has developed greatly and today thousands of products are offered to the markets. Despite the large market, there are problems with the industry which prevent it from establishing an effective market. This research describes the current status of the world Ganoderma cultivation, products, industry and provides suggestions for facilitating further research. Amauroderma and Ganoderma are widely researched, owing to their beneficial medicinal properties and chemical constituents with potential nutritional and therapeutic uses. There are, however, taxonomic confusions surrounding the species in these genera, whose circumscription is often unclear. In an extensive survey of species in Amauroderma and Ganoderma in Hainan Island in Southern China, provides data of 15 species found in the Wuzhishan and Jiangfengling mountains on the island. Out of these15 species, Ganoderma ellipsoideum Hapuar., T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. was described as new to science with the evidences from morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. A phylogeny is provided for Amauroderma and Ganoderma based on ITS sequence data and the taxonomic status of the species is briefly reviewed. Furthermore, a phylogeny is provided for the G. lucidum complex with 17 taxa based on combined ITS rDNA, RPB1, and EF–1α sequence data. The taxonomic standing of these species is briefly discussed. Type specimens, epitypes, reference collections, fresh collections and vouchered multigene nucleotide sequence data of more informative DNA markers should be used to determine the taxonomy of species in the G. lucidum complex. During surveys of species of Ganoderma in Greater Mekong Subregion countries, G. sinense specimens from China were collected and are described in this research with the aid of multigene phylogenetic analysis. These specimens exhibit phenotypic plasticity due to extrinsic factors and single nucleotide polymorphism in ITS sequence data. Taxonomic ranking of Ganoderma sinense also considered here. Most of the species in Ganodermataceae are pathogenic, wood decaying and/or wood inhabiting fungi. In this research, 23 species collection of Ganodermataceae species are provided based on fresh and dried specimens found within the Greater Mekong Subregion countries; China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Among 23 species, Amauroderma schomburgkii, A. rude, Haddowia longipes, G. luteomarginatum, G. lingzhi, G. resinaceum, G. subresinosum, G. tropicum, and G. tsugae were collected from Laos, G. australe and G. multiplicatum were collected from Myanmar, G. adspersum was collected from Thailand and Myanmar, G. donkii was collected from Thailand, and G. flexipes, G. gibbosum, G. orbiforme, and G. neojaponicum were collected from both Laos and Myanmar, are newly recorded species. Two species; G. nasalanense Hapuar., Pheng., & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., and G. sandunense Hapuar., T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. are described as new to science and are introduced with evidences from morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. A phylogeny is presented for the family based on LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1-α and RPB2 sequence data and further, the taxonomic status of these species is briefly addressed. In this research, we introduce two new records of Amauroderma from Laos; Amauroderma pressuii based only on morphology and A. rugosum based on both morphology and molecular phylogenetic evidence. We also provide a phylogeny for Amauroderma based on ITS and LSU sequence data and the taxonomic status of the species in the genus Amauroderma also revealed.

Mae Fah Luang University. Learning Resources and Educational Media Center

Address: CHIANG RAI

Email: library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Pattana Kakumyan

Role: Advisor

Email : ask.library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Kevin D. Hyde

Role: Co-Advisor

Email : ask.library@mfu.ac.th

Created: 2018

Issued: 2562

Modified: 2019-09-02

Issued: 2019-09-02

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: Thesis QK898.B54 H252t 2018

eng

DegreeName: Dotor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Biosciences

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