Diversity and phylogeny of dothideomycetes on wild seeds and fruits

Name: Ushettige Don, Subashini Chathumini Jayasiri

Address: 333 Moo1, Thasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100

Organization : Mae Fah Luang University. School of Science. Biosciences

Email : ask.library@mfu.ac.th

keyword: Diversity and phylogeny

LCSH: Phylogeny

Classification :.LCCS: QK989

LCSH: Plants -- Phylogeny

Abstract: Morphological characters, which are relatively easy to observe and record, have been used over the last 300 years to identify, classify and infer the relationships of fungi. More than 20 years ago use of molecular data, especially DNA sequence data, has allowed reconstruction of evolutionary relationships of all lives, revolutionizing the process of classifying an organism and leading to a renaissance in taxonomy. Incorporation of molecular data has profoundly changed the systematics of fungal classes, subclasses, orders, families, genera and species. Currently one kingdom, one subkingdom, seven phyla and ten subphyla are accepted in the classification of fungi. Dothideomycetes (phylum Ascomycota, subphylum Pezizomycotina) is a class of bitunicate fungi which has historically been called Loculoascomycetes and is currently considered to be the largest and most phylogenetically diverse group within Ascomycota. Dothideomycetes are ubiquitous but the majority is plant associated fungi and can exhibit a mixture of modes of life, such as pathogenic, endophytic, saprobic or epiphytic on a wide range of hosts, in terrestrial as well as aquatic habitats. Species are known to be economically important because of their pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential and agricultural importance as they cause major plant diseases worldwide. To date, there are 32 orders and 120 families within Dothideomycetes and over the last few decades, there have been major taxonomic revisions culminating in an improved taxonomic scheme for a more appropriate classification and species nomenclature in this class. Despite a growing taxonomic interest on many plant pathogens on this group, a number of families which harbour a high number of potential novel taxa are poorly understood and warrant further taxonomic investigations. There have only been a few taxonomic studies incorporating DNA based sequence data and their intergeneric and interfamilial taxonomy is still obscure. In this study, the taxonomy of Dothideomycetes was investigated using a dual taxonomic approach (morphological and molecular). Fungal specimens associated with various hosts in terrestrial habitats (especially wild seed pods and fruits) were collected from China, Germany, Italy, Russia, Thailand and UK. They were morphologically examined and their DNA sequence data from rDNA and protein coding genes (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1, rpb2, tub2, actin, calmodulin and gpdh) were analysed to verify their identity and investigate phylogeny to better assess their placement. Most past studies done based on morphological data and ambiguous with only morphological data are placed in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. Therefore I started my studying herbarium specimens in which the species do have ambiguous placement. After studying the type species (Cocconia, Dianesea, Endococcus and Lineostroma) they were placed in family levels based on morphology. The taxonomy of four genera (Ascochyta, Boeremia, Didymella and Epicoccum) in the family Didymellaceae was revised and two new species and two new host records with their sexual and asexual morphs were introduced. In this study, phylogenetic inferences for Ascochyta, Boeremia, Didymella and Epicoccum based on ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequence data were reported. In addition, the first sexual morph report for the genus Epicoccum was reported. A backbone tree reflecting a more natural classification of the hysteriform Dothideomycetes is provided herein with a sampling of species with hysterothecial ascomata. This study, a new order (Gloniales) is introduced; a new family (Acrogenosporaceae); a new genus (Purpurepithecium), seven new species (Anteaglonium thailandicum, Hysterium doimaeensis, H. thailandica, Hysterobrevium hakeae, H. rosae, Mytilinidion didymospora, and Purpurepithecium murisporum); three new records (Gloniopsis subrugosa, Hysterium angustatum, Hysterographium fraxi), a new combination (Purpurepithecium minus), reference specimens (Psiloglonium macrosporum) and Anteaglonium parvulum species complex are provided with multigene phylogeny analyses (for LSU SSU, tef1 and rpb2 genes), descriptions and morphological illustrations. In addition, here I provided the first report of asexual morph for the family Anteagloniaceae. rpb2 sequence data were phylogenetically analyzed using amino acid sequences among the hysteriform Dothideomycetes and related other orders. In addition, this research also focused on some collections from Italy, Germany and UK. In introduced new family Fuscostagonosporaceae (type species, Fuscostagonospora cytisi); two new genera Pseudophaeosphaeria (Pseudophaeosphaeriaceae, Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi) and Xenomassariosphaeria (Xenomassariosphaeria rosae); ten new species Dothiora buxi (Dothioraceae), Keissleriella rosae (Lentitheciaceae), Leptosphaeria cirsii (Leptosphaeriaceae), L. ebuli (Leptosphaeriaceae), Loratospora luzulae (Pseudophaeosphaeriaceae), Neosetophoma rosae (Pseudophaeosphaeriaceae), Neooccultibambusa jonesii (Occultibambusaceae), Saccothecium rubi (Saccotheciaceae), Vagicola chlamydospora (Pseudophaeosphaeriaceae), Vagicola dactylidis (Pseudophaeosphaeriaceae) and two new records of Dothiorella iranica (Botryosphaeriaceae) and Lophiostoma macrostomum (Lophiostomataceae) from Italy. Two new species Acrospermum longisporium (Acrospermaceae) and Setoseptoria scirpi (Lentitheciaceae) were introduced from UK. Furthermore, novel species of Angustimassarina acerina (Amorosiaceae) and A. alni (Amorosiaceae) were introduced from collections of Germany. Discovering more fungi, this study was extended to investigate the diversity, morphology and phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. This resulted in 97 taxa accommodated in 36 families. Novel fungal taxa are described, including eight new genera, 52 new species, seven combinations and 38 new host records. Amorocoelophoma (Amorosiaceae), Cylindroaseptospora (Didymospheriaceae), Discotubeufia (Tubeufiaceae), Leucaenicola (Bambusicolaceae), Neolindgomyces (Lindgomycetaceae), Pleohelicoon (Pleomonodictydaceae), Quercicola (Astrosphaeriellaceae), Ramohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae) and Xenoastrosphaeriella (Astrosphaeriellaceae) are introduced as new Dothideomycetes genera. New species are Acrocalymma pterocarpi, Allophoma siamensis, Amorocoelophoma cassiae, Anteaglonium gordoniae, Atrocalyx krabiensis, Austropleospora keteleeriae, Caryospora quercus, Cladosporium entadae, C. magnoliigena, Cycasicola leucaenae, Cylindroaseptospora leucaenae, C. siamensis, Delitschia nypae, Dictyocheirospora lithocarpi, Didymella magnoliae, Didymocrea leucaenae, Diplodia magnoliensis, Discotubeufia browneae, Dothiorella lampangensis, Ernakulamia krabiensis, Gloniopsis fluctiformis, G. leucaenae, Lasiodiplodia avicenniarum, L. swieteniae, Leucaenicola aseptata, L. phraeana, Neodeightonia planchoniae, Neohelicosporium fusisporum, Neolindgomyces pandanae, Neopyrenochaeta cercidis, Neoroussoella entadae, N. leucaenae, Ochroconis ailanthi, Periconia delonicis, Phaeosphaeria sinensis, Pleohelicoon fagi, Psedochaetosphaeronema siamensis, Pseudoberkleasmium acaciae, Pseudocoleophoma bauhiniae, Pseudofusicoccum calophylli, Pseudohelicomyces quercus, Pseudopithomyces entadae, Quercicola fusiformis, Q. guttulospora, Remotididymella bauhiniae, Spegazzinia radermacherae, Stagonosporopsis pini, Stomiopeltis phyllanthi, S. sinensis, Tubeufia entadae, Vaginatispora nypae and Zeloasperisporium pterocarpi. The saprobic species represent 18 host plant families. Among all the families which have collected fungi, 51 species are represented from the family Fabaceae and 16 species from the genus Leucaena in this family. Dothideomycetes in wild seed pods and fruits are more diverse than expected with host specificity and host changes, environmental specificity and possible transition of pathogenic to saprobic mode as well. Further studies are needed for other Ascomycota to obtain a better picture of diversity of fungi in wild seed and fruits. This study gives a better knowledge about saprobic species that can be associated with wild plant species and it will be important to ecologist and agricultural scientist as well. Therefore, knowledge about these groups is important for sustainability in wild environment.

Mae Fah Luang University. Learning Resources and Educational Media Center

Address: CHIANG RAI

Email: library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Kevin D. Hyde

Role: Advisor

Email : ask.library@mfu.ac.th

Created: 2018

Issued: 2562

Modified: 2020-06-16

Issued: 2019-09-02

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: Thesis QK989 U853d 2018

eng

DegreeName: Dotor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Biosciences

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