Abstract:
The purposes of this research were 1) to study the conditions of reflective thinking piano lessons in intermediate piano level and 2) to propose guidelines for reflective thinking in intermediate piano lessons. Data were collected from interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis by using data classification, comparison, inductive conclusion, and synthesizing proposed guideline for organizing piano lesson. The results revealed that 1. In the conditions of reflective thinking piano lessons, there was reflective thinking in intermediate piano lessons in Thailand. However, not all teachers used reflective thinking in their piano lessons due to many reasons. Some teachers didn't know the way of using reflective thinking for piano lessons, emphasized on teacher-centered, and didnt see the importance of teaching piano by reflective thinking. 2. Guidelines for reflective thinking piano lesson are divided to 6 aspects. 2.1 Objectives should consider students and parents needs; 3 domains of learning behavior; process of reflective thinking; and levels of reflective thinking. 2.2 Curriculum should focus on knowledge integration, levels of reflective thinking, and reasonability. 2.3 Teachers should modify reflective thinking techniques by considering objectives, contents, and learning activities. 2.4 Teachers should modify media and equipment appropriately for student and give clear instruction before use. 2.5 Authentic assessment is suitable for reflective thinking assessment. 2.6 Teachers should consider factors of teacher, student, curriculum and instruction, and environment.