Development of a reading instructional model based on schema theory and reciprocal teaching approach to enhance reading ability of upper secondary school students
Abstract:
The purposes of this research and development are to develop a reading instructional model based on schema theory and reciprocal teaching approach to enhance English reading ability of secondary school students and to study the quality of the developed instructional model. The research procedure was divided into 2 phases. The first phase was to develop a reading instructional model based on a schema theory and a reciprocal teaching approach. The second phase was to study the quality of the developed instructional model by implementing a model through the samples of the research. The sample group was 48 twelfth grade students of Sarawittaya School, and they were selected by simple random sampling. The duration of the experiment was 16 weeks with two hours per week. The research instruments were the English reading ability tests, the observation form of English reading behaviors, and learning log. The statistical analysis used were the Arithmetic Mean, the Standard Deviation, and T-test. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. The development of a reading instructional model based on schema theory and reciprocal teaching approach comprised 6 steps: stimulating engaging and activating schema, introducing a passage and reading strategies, self-reading comprehension, self-evaluating, sharing knowledge and giving feedback, and evaluating and applying knowledge. 2. The quality of the developed instructional model was investigated by implementing the model in classes with students classified by the English reading ability. The findings of this study revealed that: 2.1 The experimental group had significantly higher English reading ability mean scores than the control group at the level of .05. 2.2 The experimental group had significantly higher English reading ability mean scores than the control group at the level of .05. The fair English reading ability group and the low English reading ability group had significantly higher English reading ability mean scores at the level of .05. Whereas, the high English reading ability group was not statistically significant at .05 level. 2.3 The experimental group had higher English reading ability mean scores in the Interpretive Level and the Critical Level at the level of .05. However, English reading ability mean scores in the Literal Level had no significance at the level of .05. 2.4 The experimental group had enhanced development in English reading ability. Exchanging general knowledge and language knowledge by using social interaction supported students knowledge in terms of vocabulary, and students can use the vocabulary knowledge to connect with a reading story, helping them understand the reading story. Moreover, as students gained more knowledge and understood about reading strategies, then they became capable of choosing a suitable reading strategy to enrich their understanding. In addition, students took various roles during the classroom activities such as observers, participants, debaters, presenters, and recipient evaluations.