นิตยา จันกา. Characterisation of floral anthocyanins in Vanda hybrids. Doctoral Degree(Postharvest Technology ). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2011.
Characterisation of floral anthocyanins in Vanda hybrids
Abstract:
Vanda, an important commercial orchid in Thailand, comprises various colours and
forms. In present study, pigment accumulation, anthocyanin structure, the antioxidant
capacity, and the expression of floral anthocyanin genes were investigated in extracts of
anthocyanin-based coloured florets of a pale-mauve Vanda hybrid (V. teres x V.
hookeriana) and compared to those of a white Vanda hybrid (V. teres var. alba x V.
Cooperi var. White Wing). In the pale-mauve Vanda hybrid, anthocyanins gradually
accumulated from unopened bud stage (B) 9.19 mg/l00g FW to 14.09 mg/lOOg FW in
full-bloom florets (FB) whereas no anthocyanins detected in the florets of the white
Vanda hybrid at any stages. The highest chlorophyll-a contained the highest in
unopened bud and it dramatically reduced in full-blooming floret in both cultivars.
Anthocyanin contents from floral parts revealed a direct correlation to an a· values
(R2=0.7276) and an inverse relation to the L· values (R2=0.9023). There are 5 major
anthocyanins containing in FB of pale-mauve florets and all anthocyanins are cyanidin
derivatives conjugated with hexose sugars and some organic acids such as ferrulic acid,
sinapic acid, and malonic acid. In pH 4.5 buffer, anthocyanin extract showed
bathochromatic effects of two maximum absorption peaks at 544 nm and 584 nm that
the conjugating compounds of anthocyanin structure exhibited complex acylated
anthocyanin features. Floral anthocyanin content in Vanda hybrid extracts, similar to
butterfly pea flower extract, were stable in pH 1.0 buffer after 6 months in the dark at
25°C when a sharp reduction occurred in red grape anthocyanins which are nonacylated
anthocyanins. Modification of conjugating residue patterns of Vanda hybrid
was detected by changefully coloured anthocyanins in ~E· which revealed that the
saponified anthocyanins had the lowest coloured anthocyanin change at 9.55 while
extracted anthocyanins had the highest coloured anthocyanin change at 11.80. The
radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of the process of pale-mauve Vanda hybrid at six
concentrations showed that at every concentrations of saponified anthocyanin samples
had significantly higher RSA than other treatments. Moreover, we cloned and
sequenced four gene fragments involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway including
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (Va-PAL), chalcone synthase (Va-CHS), flavanone 3hydroxylase
(Va-F3H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (Va-DFR) from the Vanda
hybrid. The obtained lengths of the nucleotide sequences of Va-PAL, Va-CHS, Va-F3H
and Va-DFR fragment were 697, 538, 536, and 445 bp, which were encoded to the
putative proteins of 231, 178, 178, and 148 amino acids (aa), respectively. In addition,
the semiquantitative expression of four genes was highly expressed floral development,
whereas Va-F3H was rarely expressed in the vegetative organs and was very low only
in the developing florets of the white hybrid. Therefore, Va-F3H could play an
important role in controlling the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in the Vanda hybrids.