Development of a non-formal education program based on the concepts of critical consciousness and collaborative learning to enhance multicultural literacy for non-formal education students
Abstract:
The purposes of this research were to 1. develop a non-formal education program based on the concepts of critical consciousness and collaborative learning to enhance multicultural literacy for non-formal education students. 2. synthesize strategies for an enhancement of multicultural literacy of non-formal education students. The research was undertaken at the non-formal education center, Yannawa district, Bangkok. Research sample comprised 25 upper secondary non-formal education students as well as 6 teachers and administrators. The research instruments included the developed program to enhance multicultural literacy, multicultural literacy tests, evaluation forms for attitudes toward multicultural acceptance and appreciation, evaluation forms for behaviors toward multicultural acceptance and appreciation, and a questionnaire surveying opinion towards the program. The research findings were 1. the developed program increased students knowledge, attitudes toward multicultural acceptance and appreciation, behaviors toward multicultural acceptance and appreciation, comparing with those prior to joining the program, at a statistical significance level of .05; 2. the elements of program development comprised 1) basic principals called 4 Res : Reduction, Recognition, Reinforcement, and Reorganization. 2) the process of program development called 7 Ts : Tie, Team, Task, Tune, Test, Track, and Take 3) affecting factors and conditions for program implementation; 3. strategies for an enhancement of multicultural literacy of non-formal education students included 3 strategic issues : 1) the promotion of understanding the cultures of neighbouring countries, 2) the promotion of an acceptance of the cultures of neighbouring countries, and 3) the promotion of an appreciation of the cultures of neighbouring countries.