Abstract:
This thesis consists of three objectives, namely: 1) to study the development of Vipassanā Bhāvanā in Theravāda Buddhist Scriptures, 2) to study the temperament in developing Samādhi Bhāvanā and Vipassanā Bhāvanā, 3) to study the raising up of the temperaments to Vipassanā by the practister of the Dhammas in the type of Samatha and Vipassanā, by studying the data from Tipitaka Scriptures, Athakathā, Tikā, Visesapakarena, the books, documents, the texts, the academic work results and the related different reports of the research. The mentioned documents are brought to be explained in the type of description.
The development of the Insight Meditation in Theravāda Buddhist Scriptures is the practice to cause the wisdom knowing Rūpa and Nāma to arise in the states of being Aniccā, Dukkhā and Anattā which appear in the types of the Four Noble Truths. Such the principles were taught by the Buddha in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta and were separated as Kāyānupassanā Satipaṭṭhāna, Vedanānupassanā Satipaṭṭhāna, Cittānupassanā Satipaṭṭhāna, and Dhammānupassanā Satipaṭṭhāna, which are the principles of practice to be away from the sufferings. The development of the Insight Meditation is divided into 4 types, namely: 1) Samatha-Pubbaṅgama Vipassanā Bhāvanā, 2) Vipassanā-Pubbaṅgama Samādha Bhāvanā, 3) Samatha-Vipassanā Yuganaddha Bhāvanā, 4) Dhammudhacca-Viggahito-Mānassa-Bhāvanā. The items 1, 3, and 4 are connected to the Samatha Temperament before attaining the Dhammas, it is thus considered as the Dhamma Practice in the type of Samatha-Yānika. In the second item, it is the practice in the type Vipassanā-Yānika. The raising up of the temperament to the Insight Meditation by the practiser in the type of Samatha-Pubbaṅgama Vipassanā, is the method of raising the mind to the Insight Meditation by Samatha-Yānika for attaining Magga, Phala and Nibbāna. The practiser must practise according only to the principles of the Four Satipaṭṭhānas.
The word Ārammaṇa means what holds the mind arising through the eyes, the ears, the nose, the tongue, the body and the mind. The training of the mind to cause the determination to arise is called Samatha Bhāvanā with 40 temperaments: 10 Kasiṇa, 10 Asubhas, 10 Anussatis, 4 Brahmavihāras, 4 Arupajhānas, 4 Āhārepatikulasaññā,
4 Dhātuvavatthāna. Each temperament is of different steps of success with the level of Jhāna as the measurement. To fix the mind to know Saṅkhāras according the fact is called Vipassanā Bhāvanā which is of the temperament: Rūpadhamma and Nāmadhamma, otherwise called 6 Vippasanabhūmis which 5 aggregates, 12 Āyatanas, 18 Dhātus, 22 Indriyas, 4 Ariyasacca, and 12 Paṭicca-Samuppāda. This point is carried out in the type Ti Lakkhaṇa. To raise the temperament to Samatha Bhāvanā and Vipassanā Bhāvanā called the training of the mind according to the principle in Theravāda Buddhism with the highest aim of Magga, Phala and Nibbāna.
The lifting of Samatha-Pubbaṅgama Naya-practitioner to Vipassanābhāvanā is the practice of the Samathayanika. With this, one has to practice the basic Samathabhāvana until he attains Upacārasamādhi (access concentration) and Appanā-samādhi: (attainment concentration). For ones who have attained the first-Jhāna planes, one should be in it so to use it as ones foundation. And when he draws back from the Jhāna, he should use only (Khañikasamādhi) momentary concentration, then lift his mind to Vipassanābhāvanā. With this, one will acknowledge all that happens through the six-sense doors using the Five Aggregates, the 12 sense-spheres, the 18 elements, the 22 faculties and the Four Noble Truths. In short, these can be called Nāma (mind) and Rūpa (material), which are Impermanence, Suffering and Soullessness and can course the Vipassanāñāña: insight-knowledge to happen. Then the mind is freed from all conditions that the free-mind condition can be continuously noted. With the proper attention (Yonisomanasikāra) one can developed his mind up the 16 knowledge and ones mind will reach the stages of purity (Visuddhi) and finally become an Ariya, the noble one.
Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. Center Library