Abstract:
This study aims at identifying status and role of mae chi or nuns in Thai Society. At present, there are quite a number of mae chi groups assoiated with different progressive Buddhist groups in Thai society. In the past, mae chi as a colletive group has been forgotten by society. Neither private nor government sector has been supporting their activity. Therefore, mae chi have been organizing themselves to improve their status and role. One example in the esblishing of the Mae Chi Institution whose main objective is to function as a center where cooperations among mae chi may be sought. The rules and regulations were drafted by the committee members to be followed by members and serve as a guideline for their activities. The improvement of status and role results in greater recognition by the people as well as private and government agencies concerned. The attitude of mae chi at Wat Soithong and of the people living in the vicinity were the focus of this study which has two main objectives. 1. To study and analyse historical background data on status and role of mae chi from different documents such as journals and research roports. The status and role of women since the time of the Buddha to the present are documented. 2. To carry out field study by interviewing 47 nuns and 82 persons living at and using the service of Wat Sothong, Dusit Distrct, Bangkok. Data were collected by interview, observation and questionnaire enumeration at Wat Soithong. Additional fieldwork was carried out at a Red Cross Center, Kao Larn, Trat Province. The purpose is to gather information on opinion and attitude of mae chi and general public on appropriate status and role of nuns in the present societal conditions. From this study it can be concluded that since bhiksuni were not allowed, women who wanted to be ordained changed their idea and follow the eight commandment instead. They dress in white, shave their heads and called mae chi. However, people do not respect mae chi the way they respect monks because mae chi appear to be more lax in following religious practices and less knowledgeable about the doctrine. Therefore, a group of mae chi tried to improve their status and role by joining development activities such as summer youth training program, rural development project and work at the Cambodian Refugee Center. By becoming involved in social welfare and development activities, it becomes clear that mae chi feel that their contribution to the development and improvement of the society in general have helped improved their self-respect. The status of mae chi had improved when the public recognize that mae chi have a role to play in society. What is needed now is the development of more social welfare and development projects where mae chi may truly contribute and work for the underpriviledged in the society. Furthermore, this study also indicate that mae chi need to educate themselves and make themselves better qualified to work'for the general well-being of the society.