A comparison of the Fishbein model with the triandis model in studying the voting behavior of teachers ans rural leaders in the by electing of a representative in constituency one, Changwat Knon Kaen, December 28, 1986
Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to study how the variables related to the voting behavior of teachers and rural leaders could be applied to compare the Fishbein model with the Triandis model in the by electing of a representative in constituency one, Changwat Khon Kaen, December 28, 1986. The instrument in this research was the questionnaire developed on the basis of the Theory of Reasoned Action of Fishbein and Ajzen, and a Model of Interpersonal Behavior of Triandis. The internal consistency coefficients of various scales of the questionnaire were between .66 and .92. The subjects were three groups of 558 eligible voters ; 113 teachers in secondary schools, 231 teachers in primary schools and 214 rural leaders; from the three election zones; Amphur Muang, Mancha Keree and Ban Fang. They were selected by using a multistage sampling method. The Pearson's correlation, the multiple regression analysis, the t-test, the one-way analysis of variance and, where appropriate, the Scheffe's method for pairwise comparison were employed; the x2-test and, where appropriate, the Marascuilo's method for pairwise comparison were also employed to test the hypotheses. The major findings are as follows: 1.The Triandis' model, which composes of the behavioral intention and the habit, is more effective predictor of the voting behavior for candidate number 1 and candidate number 2 (R1 = .54, P < .001; R2 = .62, P<.001) than the Fishbein's model, which composes of only the behavioral intention(R1 = .53, P < .001; R2 = .54, p< .001) , with differences in the percentage of variances being accounted for in the voting behavior ranging from 1% to 9%. 2. From the Triandis' model the behavioral intention is more effective predictor of the voting behavior for candidate number 1 and 2 (β = .50, .42; P<.001) than the habit ( β = .13, .33; P<.001), except the teachers in the secondary schools, the habit is more effective predictor of the voting behavior for candidate number 2 (β = .49, P< .001) than the behavioral intention ( β= .27, P<.01) 3. The Triandis1 model, which composes of the affect, the value of the perceived consequences and the social factor, is more effective predictor of the behavioral intention for each candidate than the Fishbein's model, which composes of the attitude and the subjective norm, with the percentage of variances being accounted for in the behavioral intention differ within the range from 6% to 11%. 4. From the Fishbein's model the attitude and the subjective norm can significantly predict the behavioral intention for each candidate (R = .62, .58, .58; P< .001), and the attitude is more effective predictor of the behavioral intention for each candidate (β = .44, .41, .40; P < .001)than the subjective norm (β = .28, .27, .27; P<.001) 5. From the Triandis' model the affect, the value of the perceived consequences and the social factor can significantly predict the behavioral intention for each candidate (R = .66, .67, .67; P< .001), and the value of the perceived consequences is more effective predictor of the behavioral intention for each candidate (β= .35, .43, .38; P < .001) than the affect(β = .29, .21, .25; P <.001) and the social factor (β= .13, .17, .21; P < .001) 6. From the Fishbein's model, there are significant differences in the attitude and the subjective norm among the three groups who voted for each candidate (P<.01), with positive scores for the voted candidate. 7. The attitude toward voting for candidate number 1 and 2, the attitude toward the candidates' party and the attitude toward the candidates' party leader can significantly predict the behavioral intention (R1 = .58, P< .001; R2 = .53, P < .001) , and the attitude toward voting for the candidate is more effective predictor of the behavioral intention (β1 = .52, P<.001; β2 = .52, P<.001) than the attitude toward the candidates' party (β1 = .06, ns. ; β2 = -.01, ns.) and the attitude toward the candidates' party leader (β1 = .05, ns. ; β2 = .03, ns.) 8. The relative importance of variables in predicting the behavioral intention of respondents who voted for candidate number 1 are: (1) increasing the strength of the opposition parties (2) increasing the price of agricultural products (3) capitalists do not want them to vote for candidate number 1 and (4) progressive, respectively; for those who voted for candidate number 2 are: (1) having a true representative of Khon Kaen people (2) the leader of the Ratsadorn Party wants them to vote for candidate number 2 (3) supportable, interesting, useful but slightly dirty; and for those who voted for candidate number 3 are: (1) having a true representative of Khon Kaen people (2) having a strong representative (3) agree with rural government officials (4) agree with tricycle drivers (5) agree with Mr. Klaew Norapati (6) good, interesting, supportable and useful. 9. Overall responses of the criteria for voting for a candidate in terms of ranking and percentages of importance are: first, candidate's qualification 36%, second, the candidate himself and candidates party policy 26.3%, third, party policy 22.9%. For the teachers, the ranking are: first, party policy 31.1%, second, the candidate himself and party policy 28.7%, and third, candidate's qualification 24.6%. For rural leaders, the ranking are: first, candidate's qualification 55.3%, second, the candidate himself and party policy 22.1%, and third, previous works of the party 9.6%. 10. The percentage of respondents who reported that they agree with various statements are as follows: (1) having representative election is important for democracy 95.2% (2) political parties are important for democracy 87.8% (3) The premier ought to be elected 85.8% (4) some candidates bribed people to elect them 58.2% (5) taking bribe to elect a candidate will be harmful for the country 78% (6) electing a representative will not lead to their better living 80.5% (7) the elected representative will not lead to their better living 80.5% (8) taking bribe to elect a candidate should not be done 84.2% and (9) one should not vote for a candidate who bribed people to elect him 95.2%. 11. The respondents have the attitudes toward a representative election as being quite good, supportable, useful, but slightly dirty. Teachers in secondary schools and primary schools, being 8 3.3% of the respondents who did not vote in the election, have the attitudes toward a representative election as less positive, boring and dirty.