Abstract:
This is a study to describe and analyze the various meaning of subsidiary verbs / kh n3/ and /loŋl/ , which follow another verb in a verb phase and to find out if the meaning of these subsidiary verbs are predictable. It is found that subsidiary verbs / kh n3/ and /loŋl/ have three meanings: path and vertical direction, change of level of quality and quantity, and the coming into existence or destruction. The first is the prototype meaning which transfers through metaphorization into the other two meanings. It is found that the type of verb which precedes these subsidiary verbs determined their meanings. The preceding verbs can be classified into three major groups: action verbs denoting motion, stative verbs and process verbs. It is found that when / kh n3/ or //loŋl/ occurs with the verb denoting motion, it adds the meaning of path and direction which counteracts or follows the force of the gravity. If these two subsidiary verbs occur with verbs in the second group, the meaning is the change in degree of quality and quantity according to the speakers expectation. The third meaning is found when / kh n3/ and /loŋl/ occur with process verbs, which can be classified further into three minor groups. First are the verbs of creation, consciousness and thought. / kh n3/following these verbs means coming into existence. As for /loŋl/, when it occurs with a verb of destruction, it means disappearance. When /loŋl/ occurs with a verb of recording, it has the meaning of preservation. Result also shows that / kh n3/ denotes positive connotative meaning while /loŋl/ denotes negative connotative meaning. Moreover, both subsidiary verbs can serve as aspectual markers when occurring with process and stative verbs. If / kh n3/ and /loŋl/ occur with process verbs, they will mark perfective aspect. On the other hand, if they occur with stative verbs, they are ambiguous between perfective and imperfective aspects.