Abstract:
This thesis reveals the history, significance and evolution of Teochiu Chinese Opera. The opera has been regarded as a social drama that has reflected phenomena empirically existing in societies through its various components. As it is played by Chinese, it is closely related to ethnic Chinese in Thai society. There are 27 large Teochiu Chinese Opera teams in Thailand. This study carried out in-depth interview of 6 teams, comprising 10 performers and 6 supporting staff. In addition, interviews of 4 opera supporters, 6 audiences and 1 teacher of Teochiu Chinese Opera are included. Direct observation and documentation are techniques used for data collection. It is found that the importance of opera to ethnic Chinese in Thailand is that it is relate to Chinese shrines. Change of Chinese opera can be seen in the shift of its role from worship to entertainment which are functions help to create a sense of belonging among members of the communities. This is because of two main reasons. First, the show uses Chinese language, the language of which Chinese people can understand and apprehend the stories. Secondly, it is a form of worship articulating ethnic Chinese with supernatural beings. At present, Chinese identity has been revived with new meanings to include other cultural component, not only language. The opera reflects Chinese identity in emphasizing Chinese family values based on confucius and taoist teachings. Ethnic Chinese can be represented through symbols employed in Chinese opera. On the stage, bodies and gestures of actors and actresses represent community ideological patterns of behavior and acts. Thus the opera, substantially confirms the existence of Chinese community, which continues to exist even after the show in the form of shared values which can also be seen as part of the enculturation process in maintaining Chinese identity. However, Chinese opera has lost its popularity as seen in decreasing number of the shows, number of actors and actresses, and in money spent for costumes, which leads one to question its survival potential. The study confirms that the drama will continue to exist as part of the Chinese community as long as the Chinese hold a strong commitment towards their shared values in religious belief and the worship or ancestors.