Abstract:
Oral cleft is among the most severe congenital craniofacial malformations. Oral cleft consists of two major groups, cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). The variability incidence of cleft lip and/or palate is related to geographic origin, and is estimate to occur 1/600 live birth in Thailand. CL/P incidence is 1/600. Our study focused on the mutations that are causation of non-syndromic CL/P. Using information from association studies, linkage analyses, linkage disequilibrium and animal models, we selected MSX1 and PVRL1 as candidate genes. In this study, 100 cases of nonsyndromic CL/P and 100 controls were sequenced for mutation analysis. An additional 81 patients and 100 controls were analyzed for the PVRL1 V396M. The results showed 8 genetic changes in MSX1. Six were nonpathogenic polymorphisms and the other two, G267C and P278S, were novel disease causing mutations. Of the six polymorphisms, one, 452-14delT, were novel and other two, A30A and P147Q, were previous reported as mutations. For PVRL1 mutation analysis, one non synnonymous change, V396M in exon 6, was found. It is presumably disease causing based on the nonexistence in 400 control chromosomes. It presents only in the alpha isoform of PVRL1 and may inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In conclusion, we found that MSX1 and PVRL1 mutations are observed in 2% and 1% of Thai patients with nonsyndromic CL/P , respectively, having an implications in genetic counseling