Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to develop the instructional process for educational disadvantaged children in construction areas including principles, process, methods and instructional techniques as well as the supportive elements. The research procedures consisted of 8 phases :- 1) developing the instructional process 2) selecting the instructional content 3) constructing and validating the research instruments 4) experimenting the instructional process 5) analyzing the research results 6) evaluating the efficiency of the process 7) improving the process and 8) constructing the teachers manual. The research results were as follows :- 1) The principles used as basis in developing instructional process consisted of theories and notions which were responsive to the childrens needs and problems in their particular situation. These included motivation theories, social cognitive theory, self-concept theories, expectation theory, principles of integration, and notions on character of the teacher as a good friend to children 2) The methods employed in instructional process were : establishing good relationship between teachers and students, being responsive to the childrens physical needs, encouraging children to learn from positive models and making the children aware of the teachers positive expectation. 3) The developed instructional process consisted of 2 main elements; the instructional steps and supportive elements. The instructional steps were first, establishing relationship and creating motivation, second, introducing the model to the children, third, providing suitable modeling and giving positive expectation, fourth, promoting the learning skills and fifth, fostering self-concept and pride in oneself. The supporting elements were :- first, the character of the teacher as a good friend to children, second, the utilization of instructional media, third, the teachers manual and fourth the system of collecting the childrens information. 4) The techniques employed in instructional process included motivation techniques, modeling techniques, and expectation techniques. 5) The developed instructional process had 3 significant characteristics. First the instructional steps fulfilled the childrens needs. Second, it encouraged learning from positive models and enhanced the childrens self-concepts. Third, the instructional activities were designed in a way that met the needs of children of 4 different age-groups. 6) The developed teachers manual consisted of 6.1) instructions for the users, 6.2) nature and conditions of the childrens lives and learning, 6.3) quidelines for developing the children, 6.4) selection of contents, 6.5) implementation of the instructional process, 6.6) samples of lesson plans and supplementary document. 7) It was found from the experimentation in 3 sites that the instructional process was efficient as the children gained higher scores in knowledge, attitude and application of knowledge. The teachers also gained higher scores in knowledge and attitude, but for the teaching skills, 4 out of 6 teachers gained higher scores due to their unique characteristics. However, satisfaction toward the instructional process of all the teachers were at the nigh to nignest levels.