Abstract:
This research presents the study on the improvement of making ties columns and lintel beams in building construction. At present, difficulty in quality control is regarded a major concern in the construction of tie columns and lintel beams in masonry wall building. Other problems include delay in construction and high cost. The research explores problems in making ties columns and lintel beams in seven construction sites. Besides, according to the questionnaires answered by supervisors of ties columns and lintel beams construction in 32 sites, it is found that most difficulties derived from the lack of effective quality control, leading to several consequent problems such as cavity in concrete and the bending of lintel beams. The problems also include the ineffective control of mixed ratio of concrete, material damage as in damage caused by concrete fraction, damage from pile of materials such as cement, sand and stone, the lack of plan and control in formwork usage. The other problems found on the exploration is that problem from masonry wall construction on the high rise building which the masonry wall will collapse before casting tie column due to the wind. The research presents the use of precast concrete and square tubes 50x50x1.6-mm. steel in replacement of cast- in-place concrete. This procedure is intended to lesson problems caused by traditional ties columns and lintel beams. The research presents the construction process by studying the advantages of each procedure. The study also investigates the load test and field installation cost and time. According to analytic comparison of collected information, square tubes can be used in place of ties columns and lintels beams. The load capacity of square tubes is 20.9 kilograms per metre more than that of casting in place. Also, its installation rate is higher at 46.45 metres per day. It can be concluded from the research that the use of square tubes can lessen problems caused by ties columns and lintel beams because the quality control for installation and materials can be done more easily. However, there is a limitation from its higher price. The research can also be used as a guideline to the study on other procedures for the improvement of ties columns and lintel beams.