Abstract:
Out of 5 strains of Bacilus spp. Isolated from soil in Thailand capable of inhibiting the test organism using cross streak method, Bacillus sp. K-05 showed antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeasts and molds. Antimicrobial substance production in NB, TSB and LB using paper disc diffusion as test method showed that the supernatant form culture broth of LB had higher antimicrobial activity than that of NB and TSB media. The supernatant had inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Micrococcus luteus; Gram negative bacteria i.e. Serratia sp. and molds i.e. Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp. but had no activity against yeasts i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans. The antimicrobial substance in supernatant kept at 4 degrees Celsius for 10 months showed different inhibitory effect on the test organism. The acitivity gradually decreased as the keeping period increased whichshowed the inhibitory activity for 4-7 months depending on group of microorganism. The substance was stable after heat treatment at 60-100 degrees Celsius with different activity on test organisms but showed no activity after heated at 121 degrees Celsius Bacillus sp. K-05 was identified by nucleotide sequencing of 16S rDNA and compared with GenBank database. It was found that Bacillus sp. K-05 was 99% identity to Bacillus subtilis M04, thus it was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Extraction of substance by organic solvent showed that ethyl acetate extract had higher activity than that of hexane and ethyl ether extract. The ethyl acetate extract was analyzed by TLC using methanol-ethyl acetate (5:95) as solvent system. The mixture of antimicrobial substance were separated to 5 fractions with different Rf 0.21 0.33 0.45 0.55 and 0.79 After purification by column chromatography using hexane-ethyl acetate as eluted solvent, obtained fractions had 2 purified components which showed antimicrobial activity on B. subtilis ATCC6633, S. aureus ATCC25923, and M. luteus. Based on chemical analyses, the compound I and II were identified as cyclo(Leu-Pro) with M.W. 210.1446, and cyclo(Val-Pro) with M.W. 196.1269 respectively. This is the first report of cyclic dipeptide that exhibited antimicrobial activity produced by B. subtilis.