Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop the innovative problem management of systemic and behavioral corruption through procurement in government sectors. The study analyzed behaviors of authorized officers who involved and revealed corrupt intension in e-auction and sealed bid projects. The methods employed in this study consisted mainly of two parts. The first part emphasized on qualitative analyses from secondary documents and primary empirical evidence of the systemic corruption type, of which the researcher was also involved as a witness observer in certain cases. The second part focused on quantitative analysis, with samples drawn from final verdicts of the Supreme Court for 160 official-corrupt cases. The samples were then divided into 60 cases on systemic offences in the procurement process, and 100 behavioral offices based on offence classification and relevant articles in the Criminal Code.
Results: It was found that outstanding corrupt behaviors in the sample cases were evident. For systemic corruption cases, the proportions of offence types classified by the Criminal Code, from the highest frequency, were as follows : 55% of the cases were on deliberate avoidance and misuse of the system for own benefits, 53% on discrimination, 33% on counterfeit documents, 5% on misuse of office power, and 5% on bribery taking. For behavioral corruption cases, the proportions of offence types classified by the Criminal Code, from the highest frequency, were as follows: 56% were on the embezzlement of public assets, 26% on counterfeit documents, 22% on discrimination, 16% on bribery taking, and misuse of office power of 6%. Both groups of cases were not directly related, but both exhibiting the behavior of human that was virtually similar. It is very likely that this human behavior similarity were consistent with 4 concepts and theories: namely the Principal-Agent Theory, Rent and Rent-seeking Theory, Conflict of Interest Theory, and Theory of Human Motivation. Finally, a surprising finding was that those concepts and theories supported by empirical evidence could be constructed as the Triad Corruption Procurement Model.