A comparison of effect of verbally, pictorially and pictorially with verbally presented questions on elementary school children's class-inclusion reasoning
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to compare the effects of Verbally, Pictorially and Pictorially with Verbally Presented Questions on Elementary School Children's Class-Inclusion Reasoning. The Samples were ninety boys and girls of 6 to 8 years old from Thesabal Thait School, Amphor Muang, Uttaradit Province. The Children were individually tested on the three types of questions. The data were analyzed by ANOVA: One-Way Classification with repeated measure, ANOVA: Two-Way Classification with repeated measure and Percentage for comparison of the three Piagetian Class-inclusion operations The Findings were 1. (1) The 6 - year - old children performed significantly better in their class-inclusion reasoning when the questions were presented verbally rather than verbally and pictorially. But they did not perform differently on the pictorially presented and pictorially and verbally presented questions. (2) The 7 year - old children were found to perform significantly better in their class-inclusion reasoning when the questions were presented verbally rather than pictorially and pictorially and verbally. (3) The 8 year - old children did not perform differently in the three types of questions. 2. Children of different age levels performed differently in their class-inclusion reasoning at the .05 level of significance. 3. Children's ability in giving class-inclusion reasoning was not found to be in the same order as proposed by Piaget. The Maximum point was found in the second Operation but the first and Third operations were followed in order. The obility was found to increase with age.