The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil and solvents extracts from leave and twigs of Samui Hom (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.)
Abstract:
The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil and solvents extracts from fresh and dry leave and twigs of Samui Hom (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.) were studied. Chemical volatile components of the oil and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS) technique.
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used to analyzed the real scent volatiles of the fresh leave.. The major components of the fresh Samui Hom leave were Ecaryophyllene (2540%), αselinene (1223%), βphellandrene (220%), αpinene (311%) and αhumulene (57%). The major constituents of the essential oils from the fresh and dry leave were Ecaryophyllene (2124%), αselinene (1011%), βphellandrene (220%), αhumulene (67 %) and αpinene (45%). A percentage yield of the essential oils obtained from the hydrodistillation was 0.16 and 0.42, respectively. The major identified compounds from each of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the fresh leave, dry leave, fresh twigs and dry twigs were Ecaryophyllene (239%) , αselinene (518%), βphellandrene (117%), αhumulene (29%) and βselinene (18%). A percentage yield of the extracts of the fresh leave was 1.61, 3.18, 4.70 and 8.67, respectively. The yield of dry leave extracts was 1.88, 6.54, 8.23 and 15.26, respectively, and the fresh twigs extracts were 0.28, 0.53, 0.62 and 1.11, respectively. A value of 0.54, 0.84, 2.96 and 3.46, was the percentage yield of the dry twigs extracts..
From the result of biological activity testing of the essential oil and extracts of Samui Hom fresh leave, the result shows that the essential oil has no cytotoxicity but it show anticancers (KBOral cavity and NCIH187small cell lung) with an IC50 of 34.19 and 7.58 µg/mL, respectively. The hexane extract has anticancers (KBOral cavity and NCIH187small cell lung) with an IC50 of 33.62 and 17.57 µg/mL, respectively and it also shows no cytotoxicity against vero cells. The dichloromethane extract has the activity to against Tuberculusbacilli infection with an IC50 of 25.00 µg/mL, anticancers (KBOral cavity, MCF7breast and NCIH187small cell lung) with an IC50 of 7.92, 3.88 and 8.47 µg/mL respectively, and it also shows cytotoxicity against vero cells with an IC50 of 35.28 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract has the activity on theantiHerpes simplex virus type1 with an IC50 of 15.27 µg/mL, antiTB with an IC50 of 50.00 µg/mL, and anticancers (KBOral cavity cancer, MCF7breast, and NCIH187small cell lung) with an IC50 of 15.27, 27.24, 9.15 and 18.32 µg/mL respectively and it shows cytotoxicity against vero cells with an IC50 of 44.96 µg/mL as well. The methanol extract shows antiHerpes simplex virus type1 with an IC50 of 16.23 µg/mL, antiTB with an IC50 of 50.00 µg/mL, and anticancers (KBOral cavity cancer, MCF7breast, and NCIH187small cell lung) with an IC50 of 29.63, 17.71 and 35.12 µg/mL respectively and cytotoxicity against vero cells with an IC50 of 46.86 µg/mL.