Abstract:
Treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related gram-negative bacterial peritonitis with single antibiotic regimen according to anti-microbial susceptibility does not always yield a satisfactory outcome. However, there has been no randomized controlled study directly compared these two regimens. Material and methods: A multicenter, randomized controlled study was conducted in 22 PD centers in Thailand. The community acquired PD-related gram-negative bacterial peritonitis patients were randomized to receive either single antibiotic or two synergistic antibiotics. The primary endpoint was a composite clinical outcome, including failure of treatment, catheter removal, re-infection (relapsing, recurrent and repeat peritonitis), and patient death. Results: Sixty-six patients with gram-negative PD-related peritonitis were enrolled. Thirty-four patients were randomized to single antibiotic group while 32 patients were randomized to double antibiotics group. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. The primary composite endpoint of single and double antibiotics group were similar (23.5 versus 28.1%, p=0.78). No antibiotic-associated adverse events including emerging of antibiotic-resistant organism in recurrent episodes of peritonitis were reported. Conclusions: Combined antibiotics may not provide additional benefits over single effective antibiotic in community-acquired PD-related gram-negative bacterial peritonitis in our country.