Abstract:
The objectives of this research were to: 1) develop indicators of teachers resilience 2) study and compare the teachers resilience between the teachers whose backgrounds in genders and regions are different 3) validate the consistency of the teachers resilience indicator model with empirical data 4) test the invariance of the teachers resilience indicator model between the teachers who had different genders and come from different regions. The samples were 785 teachers, who subjected to the Office of the Basic Education Commission. The research instruments were intelligence interview for developing the conceptual framework, and the questionnaires about teachers resilience. The data analysis was conducted by using the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, for instance, means, standard deviation (S.D.), coefficient of variation (C.V.), skewness, kurtosis, Pearsons correlation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA by using SPSS program. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis and multiple group structural equation model analysis by LISREL program. The results are shown as follows: 1. The indicators in teachers resilience consisted of 3 main factors and 12 indicators. The first factor was the outer strength which consisted of 3 indicators such as a trust in relationship, a work flow, and an acceptance from others. The second factor was inner strength which consisted of 5 indicators; having love and understanding for others, having self-esteem, finding new experiences, holding fast to righteousness, and having right attitude toward teaching. The third factor was relationship building and problem solving which consisted of 4 indicators; emotion and motivation control, communication skills, problem-solving skills, and help-seeking. 2. The resilience of teachers classified by genders, it was found that in the outer-strength and inner-strength factors, and the relationship building and problem solving factor, both the male and female teacher had the high average values. However, when analyzing the differences between the average values of teachers resilience, classified by genders, the female teachers had higher means in the outer strength and the inner strength factors than those of the male teachers with statistical significance at 0.01. As for the relationship building and problem solving factor, there was no statistically significant difference. The teachers resilience classified by the regions, it showed that in the outer-strength and inner-strength factors, and the relationship building and problem solving factors of the teachers from four regions, their average values were high. Then, when we analyzed the differences between the teachers resilience, classified by regions, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in any of the outer-strength factor, the inner-strength factor, and the relationship building and problem solving factor. 3. The teachers resilience indicator model had fit with empirical data which 2= 17.536, df = 25, p = 0.861, GFI = 0.996, AGFI = 0.996 and RMR = 0.003 4. The teachers resilience indicator model indicated that there was invariance of model between genders and regions, but there was variance of factor loading of each indicators and factor loading of the main factors.