Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). cypia induction and immunomodulation in cultured green mussels (Perna Viridis L.) from coastal maptaphut industrial estate, rayong province

Name: Varaporn Cholumpai

keyword: Green mussels

; Immunomodulation

Abstract: Ecosystems around coastal areas with established petro-chemical industries are likely to be contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. From this research of PAHs accumulation and CYP1A biomarker expression in cultured green mussels (Perna viridis L.) at Pradoo Bay, Maptaphut Industrial Estate, Rayong Province in 2011, the level of total PAHs (16 substances) with an average of 0.4303±0.3067 µg/g dry weight and total carcinogenic PAHs (8 substances) with an average of 0.0311±0.0310 µg/g dry weight were found in large sized mussels (6.6186 ±0.0910 cm mussel length). The level of total PAHs and total carcinogenic PAHs in large sized mussels were higher than medium and small sized mussels, equivalent to 15.36 and 7.49 times for the medium sizes and 14.55 and 10.11 times for the small sizes respectively with statistically significance of p<0.01. There were 9 PAHs substances found in all sized mussels, which are phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, fluorene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, acenaphthene, chrysene, and benz[a]anthracene. The last two substances were carcinogenic PAHs. When polyclonal antibody technique (specific to rainbow trout) was applied in large and medium sized mussels, a 56 kDa CYP1A expression were recorded for all sizes of mussels, which correspond to the level of total PAHs. The result from 2012 reveals the level of total PAHs with an average of 0.4765±0.0615 µg/g dry weight in large sized mussels (6.3940±0.1444 cm). Four substances were found in PAHs which were phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and fluorene. However, carcinogenic PAHs were not found in mussels. The ratio of HMW PAHs to LMW PAHs found in mussels in both 2011 and 2012 implies that there was more contamination of pyrogenic PAHs than petrogenic PAHs. Further research were conducted on PAHs effects and depuration on biomarker expression and immunity of consumable sized mussels (P. viridis L.) at Maptaphut Industrial Estate, Rayong Province, and then transferred them to be cultured along the Laemsok coast, Trat Province. In 5 days time, the research found that green mussels were able to dispose of total PAHs, which are fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene from its body thereby reducing the total PAH’s level by half with the level of 0.2369±0.0311, 0.0985±0.0159, 0.0896±0.0120 and 0.0515±0.0183 µg/g dry weight respectively. In order to dispose total PAHs completely, more than 30 days is needed. The level of PAHs in mussels after 30 days was reduced by 3.13 times. This implies the induction CYP1A protein expression with statistically significant difference (p<0.01). The level CYP1A protein expression in mussels raised at Maptaphut and depurated mussels transferred from Maptaphut to Trat is equivalent to 26.35±9.23 and 8.96±8.52 arbitrary unit respectively. PAHs with 0.6412 µg/g dry weight (at 30 days) found in mussels raised from Maptaphut had changed the mussel’s immune system, such as degenerate cells and increase superoxide anion production by 0.68 and 0.82 respectively. However, there was no change in total haemocyte counts, differential haemocyte counts and phagocytosis activity. They were in the normal ranges. On the other hand, depurated mussels transferred from Maptaphut to Trat had a normal range of values for different immune system functions and this value increased within 30 days, which indicates that these mussels were healthier and stronger. This research demonstrates that the expression of CYP1A protein in green mussels can be used as a biomarker for monitoring and evaluation of mussels exposed to pollutants in the aquatic environment of Thailand as well as for analyzing the level of PAHs. Changing in cellular immune system of mussels raised in Maptaphut affected its ability to defend against diseases. Therefore, a continuous monitoring and evaluation of PAHs contamination in aquatic life along the Maptaphut Industrial Estate area is compulsory, because this area has a higher risk of PAHs contamination as well as the possibility to find carcinogenic PAHs in the marine ecosystem.

Burapha University. Library

Address: CHONBURI

Email: buulibrary@buu.ac.th

Name: Praparsiri Kanchanopas-Barnette

Role: Principal advisor

Name: Phochit Nanthanawat

Role: Co-advisor

Created: 2015

Modified: 2565-06-27

Issued: 2015-10-21

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

eng

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Environmental Science

Grantor: Burapha University

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