Abstract:
The objective of this study is to analyze the economic impacts of biodiesel production according to the Biodiesel policy (2009 - 2012) of Ministry of Energy. The 180 x 180 input-output table of Thailand of 2000 was revised to 186 x 186 input-output table of Thailand of 2008 by using 2008 GDP, adjusting biodiesel production structure and adding 8 sectors (crude palm oil, coconut oil and other types of palm oil, high speed diesel, other petroleum refineries and gas separated plants, B2, B5, B10 and biodiesel (B100) sectors). Then backward - forward linkage indices, upstream - downstream effect models and outputs cost effect model were used to compute the impacts. The results showed that, the upstream of 2008 was wholesale trade, retail trade and high speed diesel sectors respectively and the downstream of 2008 was biodiesel, flour and sagu mild products and tapioca milling and crude palm oil sectors respectively. If biodiesel production in Thailand followed the policy of 2009 2012, the top 3 upstream of biodiesel production which had the highest impacts would be palm nut and oil palm, retail trade, and crude palm oil sectors respectively. On the contrary, the sectors of retail trade, palm nut and oil palm and wholesale trade are the top 3 downstream of biodiesel production which had the highest impacts. Moreover, biodiesel production of 2008 gives rise to palm planting profit to 43.25% of total of primary input but crude palm oil and biodiesel should not invest because of high raw material cost. B2 and B5 have their large needs in high speed diesel while high speed diesel in Thailand is not enough for B2 and B5s need. So high speed diesel would be imported a lot. Finally, increasing price of oil palm and high speed diesel at the same time is the worst case for changing price of input.