Rajatalo, Kari. Farming South Sudan : the portrayal of South Sudan in international news. Master's Degree(Communication Arts). Bangkok University. Library and Learning Center. : Bangkok University, 2014.
Farming South Sudan : the portrayal of South Sudan in international news
Abstract:
The objective of this research is to find out how South Sudan is portrayed in
the international news by three news broadcasters, Al Jazeera from Qatar, the BBC
from Britain, and CNTV from China in order to study the similarities and differences
in news report topic, tone, framing, and source selection by news broadcasters from
different cultural and political backgrounds. Also the roles of public diplomacy and
national interest in international news reports on South Sudan are studied.
This research includes hard news reports published on the websites of the
three news broadcasters. The news reports are manually downloaded from the
archives of the news broadcasters websites. The studied period is the first year of
South Sudans independence, July 9, 2011 to July 9, 2012. Sample size is 157 news
reports. The sample includes only hard news reports in text form; editorials, opinion
pieces, or soft news such as sports and entertainment reports are not included. In
addition, video, audio, and picture material are not included.
This research uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The
theoretical framework of this research is based on the Framing theory. Quantitative
content analysis is performed in order to test four hypotheses to find out the amount
of coverage South Sudan receives from the three broadcasters and the topics, tones,
frames and source selections of the published news reports. Qualitative textual
analysis is performed to answer four research questions in order to study the overall
portrayal of South Sudan in the news reports, how the portrayal changes over the
period of one year, how visible public diplomacy and national interest are in the news
reports, and how visible Western journalistic influences are on CNTVs news
reporting.
The hypothesis testing reveals that the BBC covers South Sudan more
extensively than Al Jazeera or CNTV, but CNTV carries more positive reports on
South Sudan than the BBC or Al Jazeera. The BBC and Al Jazeera focus mostly on
conflicts in their reporting on South Sudan, whereas CNTV focuses mostly on
political and economic development in South Sudan and conciliatory processes
between Sudan and South Sudan. All Three broadcasters rely mostly on elite sources,
whether government officials and representatives or independent elites such as the
United Nations. However, Al Jazeera and the BBC give more space for independent
elite sources than CNTV.
Textual analysis reveals that the news reports of all three broadcasters provide
very similar overall image of South Sudan: the country is portrayed as a poor and
underdeveloped run by a weak and corrupt government unable to develop the country
and improve the lives of the citizens. The portrayal does not change over the studied
period of one year, and public diplomacy and national interest make clear appearances
in the news reports throughout the studied period. The main interest in the news
reports is clearly South Sudans oil reserves, which together with the frequent use of
political and economic development frames and the lack of social development and
human interest frames in the reports point to the direction of clear economic and commercial interests behind the new reports on South Sudan. In addition, the textual analysis reveals clear Western influences on CNTVs news reporting in terms of news topic and source selection and news report structure which point to the direction of homogenization of news production, but differences in framing which points to the influence of public diplomacy and national interest on news framing.