Abstract:
The purposes of this research were 1) to develop well-being indicators of lower secondary school students. 2) to investigate the correspondence of indicators of lower secondary school students model. 3) to test the invariance of the model of well-being of lower secondary school students across those four geographical regions. The participants of this research were 932 lower secondary school students. The research instruments were students well- being questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, second order confirmatory analysis, and multi-group structural equation analysis. The research finding were 1. Well-being indicators of lower secondary school students consisted of two factors, namely intra-personal and inter-personal. The intra-personal factor consisted of 9 indicators: autonomy, emotional regulation, resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, spirituality, curiosity, engagement and mastery orientation. The inter-personal factor consisted of 4 indicators: communicative efficacy, acceptance, empathy and connectedness. 2. The model of well-being indicators for lower secondary school students found that the model fit the empirical data. (X[superscript 2] = 52.972, df = 42, p = .119, GFI = .991, AGFI = .981 and RMSEA = .0168). 3. The models of well-being indicators for lower secondary school students indicated invariance of model form and the factor loading of each indicator across those four geographical regions, but the models indicated variance of the factor loading of intra-personal and interpersonal factors.