Abstract:
Objectives of the study: This investigation was to survey rectors leadership behavior from the point of view of university administrators. The purpose of this study was fivefold: firstly, to study rectors actual and expected leadership behavior, secondly, to compare actual and expected rectors leadership behavior in the central universities and in the provincial universities, thirdly, to compare the opinions of three groups of administrators on actual and expected rectors behavior, fourthly, to compare opinions of the rectors and three groups of administrators on actual and expected behavior, and lastly, to present an expected rectors leadership behavioral model. Procedures: The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire constructed by the researcher from an extensive analysis of related literature. The coefficient of reliability for the section on actual leadership behavior was 0.79 and on expected leadership behavior was 0.83. Data were collected from a population of 222 administrators in ten universities. A total of 167 questionnaires were returned, 75.23% of the population surveyed. Data were analyzed by suing arithmetic means, standard deviations, percentages, one-way analysis of variance and t-tests. Findings: 1. On actual rectors leadership behavior, four rectors (40%) ranked above the mean for both Initiating Structure and Consideration behavior. Tow rectors (20%) ranked on both behaviors below the mean. Three rectors (30%) ranked above the mean on Initiating Structure behavior but below the on Consideration behavior. One rector (10%) ranked below the mean on Initiating Structure behavior but above the mean on Consideration behavior. 2. On expected rectors leadership behavior, rectors in five universities (50%) ranked above the mean for both Initiating Structure and Consideration behavior. Rectors in four universities (40%) ranked below the mean on both Initiating Structure and Consideration behavior. One rector (10%) ranked above the mean on Initiating Structure behavior but below the mean on Consideration behavior. 3. There were five universities where rectors real and expected behaviors ranked at the same level. 4. Rectors leadership behavior in the universities of the central area and of the provinces were not different significant at the .05 level, except for expected Consideration behavior which showed differences significant at the .05 level. 5. As for the opinions of the three groups of administrators on actual rectors behavior, eight behavior-items were significantly different at the .01 or .05 level. All behavior-items on expected rectors behavior were not significantly different at the .01 level. 6. As for the opinions of rectors and administrators on actual rectors behavior, there were five behavior-items that were significantly different at the .05 level. For opinions on expected rectors behavior, there were only two behavior-items that were significantly different at the .05 level. 7. Findings on a model for expected rectors leadership behavior were as follow: 7.1 Expected behavior on Initiating Structure: promote academic excellence, concern for the good of the institution, courage in facing facts, eagerness in performing ones duties, promote academic climate, delegate authority, formulate clear policies, point out rationale, criticize properly, govern efficiently, experiment with new ideas, follow-up work closely, see that work be done on time, and according to regulations. 7.2 Expected behavior on Consideration: promote morale, give freedom of action, foster friendship, assist colleague, be considerate in ones own administrative, encourage promotion, be willing to settle problems, use a philosophy of government, be democratic, know to how to delegate authority.