Sujeeporn Sripradite. DNA methylation status of imprinted gene H19 and IGF2 in amniotic fluid stem cells. Master's Degree(Biochemistry). Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center. : Mahidol University, 2010.
DNA methylation status of imprinted gene H19 and IGF2 in amniotic fluid stem cells
การศึกษารูปแบบ DNA methylation ของยีนฝังจำ H19 IGF2 ในเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดน้ำคร่ำ
Abstract:
The amniotic fluid stem cell is the intermediate stem cell between the embryonic stem cell (ESC) and adult stem cell (ASC). This stem cell gives more advantages for medical therapy than other stem cells due to its appropriate proliferation potential, it has no teratoma formation as reported in ESC and it has higher proliferation potential than ASC to generate an adequate cell. Therefore, the factor that regulates AFS proliferation is quite interesting. DNA methylation is the one major mechanism of epigenetics that controls cell activity by regulation of gene action. The DNA methylation pattern is stable and has inheritable characteristics. Once it is established, it is maintained and passed through the daughter cells. The unique gene called the imprinted gene is also affected by DNA methylation mechanism. This gene is a susceptible gene due to its monoallelic methylation. The alteration of DNA methylation status on only one allele can lead to different cell characteristics. Some imprinted genes are involved in cell proliferation. The intensively studied imprinting cluster which regulates cell proliferation is the IGF2-H19 imprinting cluster. This imprinting cluster comprises 2 homeostatic imprinted genes. The IGF2 encodes an insulin-like growth factor to trigger cell proliferation whereas the nontranslated H19 downregulates cell proliferation. The gene action of IGF2 and H19 is regulated by a DNA methylation pattern at the CTCF6 binding region upstream of H19, which has been suggested as the Imprinting Control Region (ICR). In addition, the Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) within IGF2 is also suggested as the regulatory region due to its imprinting methylation pattern. The methylation pattern at these regions was studied in various cell types including embryonic stem cells, embryonic tissues, various cancer cells and cells from patients suffering growth retardation such as from Bechwith-Weidmann Syndrome (BWS), and Silver Russel Syndrome. However, the DNA methylation at these regions in AFS has never been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the DNA methylation pattern at both DMR and ICR in the IGF2-H19 imprinting cluster in AFS using bisulfite sequencing technique. It also defined the methylation pattern separately at different passages, P8 and P15. The results showed that all CpG sites in both DMR and ICR are differentially methylated. Only some CpG sites in ICR at passage8 (P8) displayed biallelic methylation. The study concluded that the DNA methylation at DMR and ICR in the IGF2-H19 imprinting cluster of AFS cell was imprinting pattern. Additionally, the change of methylation pattern at ICR can occur during in vitro cultured process.