ปริปก พิศสุวรรณ. Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum BT14 and its xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzyme system. Doctoral Degree(Biochemical Technology). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2012.
Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum BT14 and its xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzyme system
Abstract:
This work was conducted in order to learn more about natural plant biomass
utilization(degradation) by microorganisms using Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum BT14
as a model.
A strictly anaerobic, alkaliphilic, thermophilic bacterium, strain BTI4, was isolated
from a soil samples collected in a shrimp cultivation pond in Bangkuntien, Bangkok,
Thailand. Cells of strain BT14 were straight to slightly curved rods with 2.0-5.0 um in
length and 0.1-0.3 um in width and occurred singly. Formation of spores was observed.
Flagella were not present. The temperature range for growth was 45-70 C, with
optimum at 60 C. The pH range for growth was 6.5-10.5, with optimum at 9.0. Casein,
yeast extract, and a variety of carbohydrates were utilized. Thiosulfate and sulfate were
reduced to H2S. Ethanol and acetate were the major fermentation products. The cell wall
peptidoglycan comprised meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G + C content was 38.4
mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain BT 14 was classified into
the cluster XII of the order Clostridiales, closely related to Tepidimicrobium
xylanilyticum (99%), T. Jerriphilum (93%), Soehngenia saccharolytica (91%),
Clostridium ultanae (91%), Sporanaerobacter acetigens (90%), and Tissierella
praucuta (90%). On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological
characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses, it is permitted to place strain BT14 to T
xylanilyticum species, representing a new type strain of this species.
Cellular behaviors and a xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system of T. xylanilyticum
BT14 towards xylan-rich plant biomass degradation were characterized. During the
exponential growth phase, the bacterial cells were bound tightly to the growth substrate
where the degradation zones appeared mostly around the cells, indicating that the
xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system was linked to the cell surfaces. Interestingly,
several cells appeared to secrete extracellular matrix to connect to their neighbors, and
the matrix disappeared when cells passed to the stationary growth phase. Cat ionizedferritin
staining resulted in a dense assembly of bulbs, protuberance-like structures on
the growing bacterial cell surfaces. The cell-associated proteins derived by sonication
contained predominated xylanase with relatively low carboxymethyl-cellulase
(CMCase) activities, suggesting that the xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system
occurred as a cell-associated enzyme. By means of gel-filtration chromatography, a high
molecular mass protein with the estimated size of 2000 kDa was retrieved from the cellassociated
enzymes, and it appeared as a single protein band on non-denaturing gel.
However, more bands were obtained after the protein was boiled with sodium dodecyl
sulfate and Beta-mercaptoethanol-which contained 4 xylanases and one CMCase-suggesting
that these proteins were organized as a multienzyme complex (MEC) in
natural form. Additionally, the predominated xylanolytic MEC preferred binding to
cellulose rather than xylan
The free cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme was also detected when T xylanilyticum
BT14 was grown on cornhusks under anaerobic conditions. Crude enzyme containing
cellulase and xylanase of the strain BT14 was active in broad ranges of pH and
temperature. The optimum conditions for cellulase and xylanase activities were pH 8.0
and 9.0 at 60 C, respectively. The crude enzyme had the ability to bind to cellulose and
xylan. The analysis of native-PAGE and native-zymograms indicated the cellulosebinding
protein showing both cellulase and xylanase activities, whereas SDS- PAGE
zymograms showed 4 bands of cellulases and 5 bands of xylanases. The crude enzyme
from the strain BT14 showed effective degradation of plant biomass. When grown on
corn husks at pH 9.0 and 60 C under anaerobic conditions, the strain BT14 produced
ethanol and acetate as the main fermentation products.