ปานทิพย์ บุญส่ง. Natural Pigments and Colorants from Thai Domestic Plants for Hair Dyeing Applications. Doctoral Degree(Biochemical Technology). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2011.
Natural Pigments and Colorants from Thai Domestic Plants for Hair Dyeing Applications
Abstract:
Pigments and colorants from fifteen Thai domestic plants such as black rice, butterfly
pea, dragon fruit, ebony tree, false daisy, kae lae, krachai dam, French marigold, pradu,
roselle, safflower, beleric myrobalan, sappan tree, turmeric and thao yanang were
extracted by four solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol and water). Eco-friendly
pigment and colorant extracts of these plants were applied as an alternative natural hair
dyeing product. Most plants extracted with methanol gave the highest yield, but dragon
fruit extracted by ethanol and ebony tree, French marigold and thao yanang extracted
with acetone gave the highest yield. Most plants extracted with water at 100 C and pH 9
gave higher yield than plants extracted with water at 4?C, room temperature (RT) and
pH 5-7. Lightness value and hue angle 0 f fifteen plant extracts ranged from 3.37 to
70.84 and 7.42 to 342.49, respectively. Their absorption wavelengths ranged from 400
to 666 nrn. Pigments from black rice, butterfly pea, dragon fruit, false daisy, French
marigold, roselle, thao yanang and beleric myrobalan extract were peridinin, 19-butfucoxanthin,
fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, dinoxanthin, antheraxanthin, alloxanthin,
zeaxanthin, pheaophytine, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, alloxanthin,
zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, chlorophyll a, derivative (DV) chlorophyll b,
lutein and fucoxanthin. However, ebony tree, kae lae, krachai dam, pradu, safflower,
sappan tree and turmeric extracts were not match with standard pigment mixture. The
six plant extracts were selected from reddish-brown to yellowish-brown color for hair
dyeing application. The false daisy, kae lae, beleric myrobalan and sappan tree extracts
mixed with ascorbic acid (a natural developer) and ferrous sulfate (a mordant agent)
gave dark reddish-brown hair color. Moreover, the dyed hair revealed excellent color
strength (ranged from 10.83 to 20.98), a smooth hair surface morphology (scanning
electron microscope (SEM) images), high-affinity interaction (surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) angle ranged from 100 to 919 m) and dye fastness up to 15 shampoos.
Tea extract, a natural mordant, mixed with each plant extract and ascorbic acid revealed
that dyed hair gave similar dyeabilities as commercial mordant ferrous sulfate. The best
dyeability of false daisy extract revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids,
coumarins, sterols and steroids. The functional groups of isolated compounds in false
daisy extract identified by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) were
hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine group which were positively related to quercetin-3-0sulfate,
cyanidin, dihydrokaemferoI and serotonin by liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometer (LC-MS).