Kanyarat Boonsomwong. Reversion behavior mechanical and thermal aging properties of natural rubber vulcanizates cured with various accelerators and sulfur to accelerator ratios. Master's Degree(Polymer Science and Technology). Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center. : Mahidol University, 2009.
Reversion behavior mechanical and thermal aging properties of natural rubber vulcanizates cured with various accelerators and sulfur to accelerator ratios
Abstract:
This study evaluated the effects of sulfur to accelerator (S/A) ratio on
reversion behavior, mechanical, and thermal aging properties of unfilled and blackfilled
NR. Various types of accelerator including N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole
sulfenamide (DCBS), N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), 2.2'-
Dithiobisbenzothiazole (MBTS) and Tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD) were used.
For each accelerator, a series of five compounds were formulated to have the same
cross-link density using different S/A ratios. It was found that for all accelerators
except TBzTD, the percentage of reversion of both unfilled and black-filled
compounds initially increased with an increasing S/A ratio and then decreased with a
further increasing S/A ratio. On the other hand, the percentage of reversion of
compounds cured with TBzTD initially increased with increasing S/A ratio but
eventually it leveled off with further increased S/A ratio. The amount of poly- and
monosulfidic cross-links of unfilled vulcanizate was investigated to assess the
influence of the S/A ratio on the obtained cross-link structure. The results showed that
for all accelerators used here the amount of polysulfidic linkage did not vary directly
with increased S/A ratios but reached a peak and then decreased. Interestingly, it was
observed that for all accelerators, the S/A ratio giving the highest extent of
polysulfidic linkage was similar to that causing the highest percentage of reversion.
When considering the effects of S/A ratio on tensile strength (TS), it was found that
the S/A ratio giving the highest extent of polysulfidic linkage for CBS and MBTS
showed the highest TS. The S/A ratio which gave the highest TS for DCBS and
TBzTD shifted to a lower S/A ratio. After thermal aging, all compounds showed
higher modulus but lower TS. For all accelerators, compounds cured with the highest
S/A ratio had the lowest relative TS. Moreover, when carbon black was incorporated
into a compound, a higher percentage of reversion was observed only in compounds
cured with DCBS, while the other three accelerators showed an improvement of
reversion.