Siriporn Chamniansawat. The effects of 17[beta]-estradiol on the activty-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc) implicated in the consolidation of memory. Doctoral Degree(Anatomy and Structural Biology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2009.
The effects of 17[beta]-estradiol on the activty-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc) implicated in the consolidation of memory
Abstract:
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc) is known to be
induced by synaptic plasticity following memory consolidation. Since estrogen has
been shown to play an important role in synaptogenesis, a key aspect of the synaptic
plasticity, this study aimed to demonstrate the effects of estrogen on Arc expression
and synaptic plasticity. This was indicated by an increase in postsynaptic density-95
(PSD-95) and synaptophysin (SYP) expression in SH−SY5Y cells. Using quantitative
real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry techniques, the results showed
that estrogen rapidly increased Arc mRNA and protein expression in SH−SY5Y cells.
Estrogen-activated Arc expression was mediated via both estrogen receptor (ERβ),
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K), but
not via protein kinase C (PKC) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). Moreover, in the
present study, ERβ expression on membrane and cytoplasm of SH-SY5Y cells under
normal conditions strongly supported the idea that estrogen-induced Arc is
nongenomic action. On the other hand, prolonged estrogen treatment (more than 2 h)
also enhanced synaptic plasticity in SH-SY5Y cells by an increase in PSD-95 and SYP
expression. Moreover, the progression increased ERβ in the nucleus and decreased it in
the membrane and in cytosol simultaneously. This occurred at the late phase of
estrogen treatment, suggesting that these events were related to an increase in the novel
synthesis of PSD-95 and SYP. These findings indicated a translocation mechanism of
genomic estrogenic action. In addition, findings suggested that PI-3K inhibitor partially
suppressed estrogen-enhanced PSD-95 and SYP expression, which is the crosstalk of
classical genomic and nongenomic action on synaptic plasticity. In conclusion, the
present study demonstrated the underlying mechanism of estrogen enhanced synaptic
plasticity and memory consolidation regulating Arc, PSD-95, and SYP