Abstract:
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly.
The etiology of the disease is not well clarified. β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulated in the
AD brain is accepted to induce neurotoxicity and oxidative stress from reactive
oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce neuron cells injuries then apoptosis and also
damage the lipid membrane, protein, DNA and other organ systems in the body.
Recently, many medicinal plants have been widely used as antioxidants to protect
against ROS. Several studies reported that mangosteen pericarp from Garcinia
mangostana L., containing a rich source of phenolic compounds such as xanthones,
which have scavenging activity against ROS. Mangosteen extract could therefore be
useful for prevention and/or treatment in dementia and AD.
The study induced oxidative stress in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells by
adding H2O2 in the cultured medium. Mangosteen extract was preincubated to show
the protective effect against H2O2 induced cell death. The assessment of cell viability
and apoptosis was determined by Trypan blue staining, MTT assay and Flow
cytometry. Further assays of Caspase-3 activity and ROS production confirmed the
signal pathway of apoptosis.
The average results from all studies demonstrated that mangosteen extract at
200 μg/ml could protect SK-N-SH cell death induced by H2O2 150 μM by increasing
cell viability and decreasing apoptosis to 22.21% and 19.44%, respectively. The
activity of caspase-3 was decreased to 56.52% and ROS production was suppressed to
37.86% by the protection of mangosteen extract. These results were statistically
significant when compared with H2O2 induced alone (p<0.001). The data suggested
that mangosteen extract could be useful as an antioxidant to protect against dementia
and AD in the future