Chayarak Nackchuay. Incidence and pattern of immunological failure and antiretroviral drug resistance in children receiving antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV Clinic at Siriraj Hospital. Master's Degree(Clinical Pharmacy). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2009.
Incidence and pattern of immunological failure and antiretroviral drug resistance in children receiving antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV Clinic at Siriraj Hospital
Abstract:
The retrospective study was performed to identify the incidence and pattern of
immunological failure and antiretroviral drug resistance in children receiving antiretroviral
therapy in the Pediatric HIV Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok. Medical charts of patients
from May 1996 to December 2005 were reviewed. In total 180 children were included in the
study, 93 children were boys. This was the first study to identify the immunological failure
in HIV-infected Thai children using the definitions according to US National Institutes of
Health guidelines. The incidence of children who experienced immunological failure was
31.11%, including children on triple therapy. The most commonly found pattern of
immunological failure was a more than 30% decline of CD4 count within 6 months.
Therefore, when this pattern occurs, immunological failure should be of concern if the
children are adherent to therapy and do not have other current illnesses. Genotypic testings
(GT) were performed 46 times among 42 children. In this group, 93.48%, 78.26% and
43.48% of the children had NAMs, TAMs, and NNRTI resistance mutations, respectively.
The most common TAMs found were M41L (61.9%), T215Y/F (50.0%) and M184V
(40.5%). Eighty percent of children with GT and receiving lamivudine presented M184V.
The most common NNRTI resistance mutations found in children with NNRTI exposure
were K103N (42.9%), G190A/C/S (42.9%), K101E (28.6%) and Y181C/I (28.6%). The
pattern of resistance mutations were found in two patterns. Children treated with dual
therapy had NAMs and TAMs in gradual accumulation. Children treated with NNRTI-based
regimen who were dual-experienced had TAMs, NAMs, and emerging NNRTI resistance
mutations. This was probably the result of the addition of NNRTI without changing the
NRTIs to the optimal antiretroviral drugs.