Thitima Keskanokwong. Isolation and identification of protein binding to anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in human kidney. Doctoral Degree(Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2007.
Isolation and identification of protein binding to anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in human kidney
Abstract:
Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates Cl-/HCO3
- exchange at the
basolateral membrane of kidney α-intercalated cells. It is an isoform of erythroid AE1
(eAE1) and lacks 65 amino acids at its amino terminus. This may cause some
structural changes and altered protein-protein interaction in kAE1. Several mutations
in the AE1 gene have been found and associated with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
(dRTA). The proposed mechanism of the dRTA is involved in defects of protein
trafficking or mis-targeting to an appropriate site of the α-intercalated cells. Both the
C- and N-termini of kAE1 are required for correct basolateral localization of proteins
in polarized epithelial cells. However, the human proteins interacting with the Nterminus
have not been identified. Therefore, this study aimed to identify proteins
interacting with NkAE1 that may be involved in the kAE1 trafficking. Yeast twohybrid
screening revealed interactions with several proteins including integrin-linked
kinase (ILK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pantophysin
(PPH). Interaction between kAE1 and the selected proteins was demonstrated in the
co-expression experiments including co-immunoprecipitation, affinity co-purification
and immunofluorescence staining in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells.
Interestingly, cell surface biotinylation results showed that ILK, but not GAPDH and
pantophysin, promoted cell surface expression of kAE1. ILK also enhanced Cl-
/HCO3
- transport activity of kAE1 in line with the observed increase of cell surface
expression. Mapping analysis revealed that kAE1 interacts with the C-terminus of
ILK through the kAE1 calponin homology (CH) domain. In addition, the ankyrin
repeats, PH domain and kinase activity of ILK were not required for binding ability to
kAE1 and cell surface expression of kAE1. ILK also interacted with eAE1 suggesting
that lack of the 65 amino acids of kAE1 would not alter the folded structure of CH
domain in eAE1. However, overexpression of ILK did not significantly increase cell
surface expression of eAE1 when compared with that of kAE1 in which ILK might
play a role in an isoform specific manner as a key protein to increase the level of
kAE1 on the cell surface of the kidney cells. Further investigation found that ILK
promotes kAE1 expression at the cell surface in HEK 293 cells by forming kAE1-
ILK-paxillin-actopaxin complex links kAE1 to the actin cytoskeleton. This study
presents data demonstrating that ILK provides a linkage between kAE1 and the
underlying actin cytoskeleton to stabilize kAE1 at the plasma membrane, resulting in
the higher level of cell surface expression.