Takol Chareonsirisuthigul. Determination of the significance of Nitric Oxide during natural Dengue Virus infection and host genetic response to Nitric Oxide susceptible and Nitric Oxide resistant Dengue Virus infection . Doctoral Degree(Microbiology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2007.
Determination of the significance of Nitric Oxide during natural Dengue Virus infection and host genetic response to Nitric Oxide susceptible and Nitric Oxide resistant Dengue Virus infection
Abstract:
In this study, the impact of nitric oxide on natural dengue virus infection was investigated. It was found that nitric oxide serves as one immunological factor which regulate viremia in dengue patients. Moreover, suppression of nitric oxide production occurred in secondary DHF patients only. It was hypothesized that an enhancing antibody is one of the key molecules regulating nitric oxide production. To prove this hypothesis, nitric oxide production in ADE-infected THP-1 was studied. ADE-infection pathway suppressed nitric oxide production by disrupting the transcription of IRF-1, and blocking the activation of STAT-1. Moreover, it was found that ADE-infection suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α while facilitating production of anti-inflammatory cytokines; IL-6 and IL-10. These data suggested that ADE-infection not only facilitates the entry process, but also modifies the anti-viral mechanisms resulting in unrestricted dengue virus replication.
Nitric oxide has been used as a marker to group dengue virus isolated from patients into nitric oxide susceptible and nitric oxide resistant virus. To differentiate the phenotype of these virus groups, genetic responses of nitric oxide susceptible or nitric oxide resistant infected THP-1 cells were investigated at the transcriptional levels using cDNA array analysis. The results indicated that nitric oxide resistant virus induced more changes in the gene expression than nitric oxide susceptible virus did. Up-regulated genes may represent host responses to virus and/or viral induced mechanisms of pathogenesis. On the other hand, the down-regulation of other cellular transcripts may be partially attributed to shut off host defense mechanisms in favor of viral replication