Krittaya Chunnguleum. Drug utilization and clinical outcomes of diabetic outpatients in five hospitals, 2000-2003 . Master's Degree(Pharmacy Administration). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2006.
Drug utilization and clinical outcomes of diabetic outpatients in five hospitals, 2000-2003
Abstract:
This study was a cross-sectional retrospective research. The objective was to
determine drug utilization and clinical outcomes of adult diabetic outpatients at five
government hospitals (a teaching, a regional, and three general) in fiscal year 2002-
2003. Data of demographic (age, gender), diagnosis, drug profile (patient’s drug use,
unit of drug used per day, number of drug per visit, date of visit, etc) were obtained
from hospitals’ electronic database but clinical outcomes (glycemic, blood pressure
and lipid) from medical chart review.
Results revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients in 2003 were 3.44% of
total outpatients, slightly increased from 2002. Over 66% of these were female and
average age was more than 60 years. Average outpatient visit rate of five hospitals in
both years were 7.44-9.22. Drug expenditure of diabetic outpatient was approximately
66% of total expenditure. Glycemic, cardiovascular, and anti-lipidemic drug were
more than 58% of total item and cost. Metformin, enalapril and simvastatin were the
most frequently prescribed of glycemic, cardiovascular and anti-hyperlipidemic drug
but insulin, amlodipine and atorvastatin were the most expensive drug respectively. A
combination of the most frequently prescribed drugs were metformin and
glibenclamide. For clinical guideline, diabetic outpatients who had hypertension and
nephropathy prescribed with ACEI or ARBs drug was 67.82% and diabetic outpatients
with high LDL prescribed with statin was 45.95%. For clinical outcome, the
percentage DM patients of good clinical control was low; FBS 37.72%, HbA1c
22.07%, BP 24.44% and LDL 25.88%. Diabetic patient with complication or
comorbidity had lower percentage of good outcome. Average adherence of 851
diabetic outpatients in five hospitals was 90.92±20.04%. Adherence was negatively
and significantly correlated with FBS (p<0.01)
These findings indicated that diabetic patients had high expenditure of drugs
particularly in teaching and regional hospitals but outcomes of healthcare should be
considered. For chronic disease, study about drug utilization and clinical outcome
should be done. Electronic databases and medical chart reviews were available
information for efficient use of health resources management for patient care