Nathawut Choengchan. On-line sample pretreatment using membrane/membraneless gas-diffusion for selective chemical analysis of specific analytes as volatiles . Doctoral Degree(Analytical Chemistry). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2006.
On-line sample pretreatment using membrane/membraneless gas-diffusion for selective chemical analysis of specific analytes as volatiles
Abstract:
This work describes method development for on-line sample pretreatment employing both
a well-known membrane gas-diffusion (GD) and a newly invented membraneless gas-diffusion
(MGD). These methods are suitable for chemical analysis of volatiles by flow injection (FI)
technique. Firstly, the GD-FI for kinetic determination of iodide based on its catalytic effect on the
redox reaction between Ce(IV)-As(III) was developed. To apply this indicator reaction to
pharmaceutical products, separation of iodide from matrix interferences is necessary. By means of
GD, molecular iodine (oxidized form of iodide analyte) diffuses through a hydrophobic
membrane. Iodine is then reduced back to iodide by As (III) with subsequent catalyses the
indicator reaction. Under the optimal condition, kinetics of the reaction is a pseudo-first order.
Two linear calibration methods were achieved. These were ‘full kinetic’ (for investigating kinetic
behavior of the reaction) and ‘fixed-time’ (for real application) methods. Linear calibration of 0.1
to 1 mg I/L was accomplished with a limit of detection (3S/N) of 0.06 mg I/L. The system was
applicable for pharmaceutical products.
Another membrane-based FI technique was also constructed for ‘one shot analysis’ of
iodide in multi-vitamins. The method relied on chemiluminescence (CL) detection of iodineluminol
reaction. It was found previously that ascorbic acid (major ingredient in multi-vitamins)
interfered extensively. Elimination of ascorbic acid prior to the analysis of iodide is thus required.
An in-house strong anion exchange (SAX) column was fitted onto an injection valve for on-line
removal of ascorbic acid with subsequent elution of iodide prior to its determination by the GD-FICL.
Linear calibration was obtained in the range of 1 to 10 mg I/L, with a detection limit (3S/N)
of 0.12 mg I/L.
The newly innovative device, known in this work as ‘MGD’, was investigated for its
potential use with the FI technique for determination of ethanol and ammonium ion. Detection of
ethanol was based on reduction of dichromate to Cr(III) in acidic medium. Cr(III) was
spectrophotometrically detected at 590 nm. Linear calibration was obtained in the range of 0.5 to
30 % (v/v) ethanol, with the limit of detection (3S/N) of 0.27 % (v/v). For determination of
ammonium ion, the method was based on color change of cresol red indicator from orange to red
in the presence of ammonia. Color alteration was spectrophotometrically monitored at 575 nm. A
linear calibration was accomplished in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 x 10-4 M NH4
+, with detection limit
(3S/N) of 0.37 x 10-4 M NH4
+.
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