Abstract:
A hospital based case-control study was used to assess factors associated with
multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) nosocomial infection. The
study was conducted among patients admitted to Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
during 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2005. The study population consisted of 155
cases with MDR-AB nosocomial infection and 310 controls without MDR-AB
nosocomial infection. The cases were matched by age and ward of admission with the
ratio 1:2. The average age of the study population was 63.5+18.7 years old among
cases and 62.9+18.2 years old among controls. The mean of length of stay in the
hospital among cases was 4.9+1.4 weeks and 1.8+1.0 weeks among controls. The site
of infection of MDR-AB among cases was mostly in the lower respiratory tract
(74.8%). The result of antimicrobial susceptibility was 96.1% resistance to
ceftriaxone and 42.1% susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam. The results from
multiple logistics showed significant associations between some factors and MDR-AB
nosocomial infection. There were length of stay in hospital prior to MDR-AB
nosocomial infection (OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.09–3.89), indwelling urinary catheter >7
days (OR=8.24, 95%CI=3.81–17.82), using mechanical ventilation >7 days
(OR=5.73, 95%CI=2.96–11.10), retaining central venous line >7 days (OR=3.29,
95%CI=1.48–7.31), using nasogastric intubation >7 days (OR=6.22, 95%CI=3.24–
11.93) and the prior administration of 3rd-4th cephalosporins (OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.04–
3.13), metronidazole (OR=2.59, 95%CI=1.21–5.56) and piperacillin plus tazobactam
(OR=4.68, 95%CI=1.93–11.32).
The strict compliance with nosocomial infection control guidelines by health
personnel and appropriate use of antibiotics drug were suggested to minimize the risk
of MDR-AB nosocomial infection. A greater attention to nursing care should be
emphasized to prevent cross transmission of MDR-AB nosocomial infection among
the patients