Supanat Chalermsupanimit. Accumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment and aquatic plants in Snakeskin Gourami fish raising pond at Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province . Master's Degree(Technology of Environmental Management). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2006.
Accumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment and aquatic plants in Snakeskin Gourami fish raising pond at Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province
Abstract:
Five heavy metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc) were studied in water, sediment and aquatic plants (Cyperus pilosus Vahl., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. and Panicum repens Linn.) collected from four sampling stations (inlet, outlet, far and middle) of the Snakeskin Gourami fish raising pond at Phraek Nam Daeng sub-district, Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. Samples were collected for six months from June to November 2004. The research objective was to study the accumulation of the five heavy metals in water, sediment and aquatic plants and the distribution of heavy metals in four sampling stations of the fish raising pond. The samples were digested in a microwave digestion system and analyzed by using Frame and Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrometers. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS for Windows 11.5 and a reliability interval of 95 % (p < 0.05).
The results show that; Cu>Zn>Fe>Pb>Cd in water, Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd in sediment and Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd in both shoots and roots of all three aquatic plants. The results show no significant differences in heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, roots and shoots of four sampling stations but they were significantly different in heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, roots and shoots in monthly variation. The heavy metal concentrations in aquatic plants accumulated were higher in roots than in shoots.
A correlation of heavy metals in water and sediment shows that Cd was related in a positive direction. In sediment and shoots of C. pilosus, it was found that Cd and Zn were related in a positive direction. In sediment and roots of C. pilosus, it was found that Cd and Pb were related in a positive direction, Cu was related in a negative direction. In sediment and shoots of I. aquatica, it was found that Cd and Zn were related in a positive direction, Cu was related in a negative direction. In sediment and roots of I. aquatica, it was found that Cd was related in a positive direction, Cu was related in a negative direction. In sediment and shoots of P. repens, it was found that Cd was related in a positive direction, Cu was related in a negative direction. In sediment and roots of P. repens, it was found that Cd was related in a positive direction, Cu and Pb were related in a negative direction. In water and shoots and roots of C. pilosus, it was found that Cu was related in a positive direction. In water and shoots of I. aquatica, it was found that Cu was related in a positive direction. In water and roots of I. aquatica, it was found that Cu and Zn were related in a positive direction. In water and shoots and roots of P. repens, it was found that Cu was related in a positive direction. In shoots and roots of C. pilosus and I. aquatica, it was found that Cd, Cu and Fe were related in a positive direction. In shoots and roots of P. repens, it was found that Cd, Cu, Fe and Zn were related in a positive direction.
From this study it was found that only Cu concentration in water was rather higher than the maximum permitted limits provided by WHO (1995). Cd and Pb concentrations in sediment were below the Soil Quality Standards of Thailand (PCD, 2006). While only Fe in roots were higher than the normal range (Bunsong, 2003). The suggestion is that heavy metal concentrations in roots of these aquatic plants can be used for monitoring the contamination levels of certain heavy metals and these aquatic plants can be used for absorbing heavy metals (phytoremediation