Viriya Sae-Kang. The influence of PH and xanthan gum on freeze-thaw stability of tapioca starch pastes. Master's Degree(Biotechnology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2005.
The influence of PH and xanthan gum on freeze-thaw stability of tapioca starch pastes
Abstract:
Effects of pH (3, 7 and 9) and xanthan gum (XG) on freeze-thaw (FT) stability of tapioca starch (TS) pastes (6.0% or 24.0% w/w total solids) were studied as a function of TS/XG mixing ratios (6.0/0.0, 5.7/0.3 and 5.4/0.6) and FT cycles (-20º C, 22 h and 30 ºC, 1 h up to five cycles). The investigation on FT starch-gum included syneresis determination by centrifugation, thermal characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), texture analysis by texture analyzer, and observing micrograph obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of pH on tapioca starch and xanthan gum was carried out to observe molecular size distribution of tapioca starch using high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and to examine the change in apparent viscosity of xanthan gum solutions. Syneresis results showed that xanthan was most effective in reducing the syneresis at pH 7 and this effect increased with increasing gum concentrations. At pH 3, however, xanthan was much less effective which was reflected by the highest syneresis produced within two FT cycles. DSC data demonstrated that neither transition temperatures nor enthalpies of the FT TS/XG pastes were affected by pH and xanthan addition. SEM micrographs illustrated the largest ice crystal formations in the pH 3 pastes and in the 0.6% xanthan-added pastes of all pH values. Xanthan maintained textural properties of the tapioca starch pastes during FT treatments better at pH 7 and pH 9. Lower starch molecular weight and a reduction in viscosity of xanthan solution caused by acid hydrolysis probably attributed to lower FT stability of starch pastes at pH 3.