Varakorn Kosaisavee. In vitro drug sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to chloroquine using microscopic, isotopic and picogreen assays . Master's Degree(Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2005.
In vitro drug sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to chloroquine using microscopic, isotopic and picogreen assays
Abstract:
Malaria remains an important disease in Thailand. This study was carried out in
Mae Sod, located in the Thai province of Tak which borders Myanmar. The study population
was composed of Karen and Burmese peoples. The general objective of this study was to
determine the most useful in vitro drug sensitivity method to measure the development of
Plasmodium vivax under chloroquine drug pressure. The five objectives of this project were
studied from June 2004 to October 2004. Forty isolates of P. vivax were selected from
symptomatic malaria patients by Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU). A Blood Media
Mixture (BMM) containing the P. vivax isolates were loaded onto 96 well plates that were
predosed with serial dilutions of chloroquine at 37oC for 48 hrs. All blood samples that were
tested, indicated 100% sensitivity to chloroquine when compared with P. vivax isolates from
Indonesia. The mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) from Thailand P. vivax isolates was
36 ng/ml, while that from Indonesia P. vivax isolates was 122.9 ng/ml. The comparison
between fresh and cryopreserved P. vivax isolates showed no significant difference in the
mean IC50 response. Cryopreserved P. vivax isolates were useful for IC50 data. The
comparison of data from the microscopic, isotopic and PicoGreen drug sensitivity assays
showed no significant difference in the mean IC50 for the P.vivax tested (P = 0.788). Although
the mean IC50 in this study was less than previous studies on Thailand-Myanmar border, the
P. vivax isolates are regarded to be chloroquine sensitive. Although the isotopic and
PicoGreen assays are easy and fast to read, the microscopic assay had the highest success rate.
The less sensitive isotopic and PicoGreen assays are more suited to Plasmodium falciparum
applications because this species has a higher maturation and reproductive rate. The modified
microscopic assay is a practical, accurate and relatively inexpensive assay to determine the
drug sensitivity of P.vivax in Thailand. Furthermore it can also be applied in evaluating the
likelihood of any hypothesized network