Wanida Khampha. Development of new L-glutamate assays based on L-glutamate dehydrogenase-D-phenylglycine aminotransferase cycling reactions . Doctoral Degree(Microbiology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2004.
Development of new L-glutamate assays based on L-glutamate dehydrogenase-D-phenylglycine aminotransferase cycling reactions
Abstract:
Three assay formats e.g. batch, flow injection analysis (FIA), and microfluidic
method, for L-glutamate assay have been developed. The methods are based on
substrate recycling using L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH) and D-phenylglycine
aminotransferase (D-PhgAT). GlDH converts L-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate with
concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The 2-oxoglutarate is recycled to Lglutamate
in a reaction catalyzed by D-PhgAT using D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine as an
amino donor, which is converted to 4-hydroxybenzoylformate. Both NADH and 4-
hydroxybenzoylformate strongly absorb UV light at 340 nm, thus offer high
sensitivity to the batch method with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 μM Lglutamate.
The calibration curve for L-glutamate was linear from 0.2-20 μM. By using
the FIA method, the enzymes were co-immobilized on controlled-pore glass. The high
sensitivity was similarly obtained when using either fluorescent- or UV- FIA methods,
with the LOD of 0.4 or 0.7 μM, respectively, and an assay range of 2.5-20 μM. The
results from both the batch and the FIA methods were well correlated with a
commercial method (r2 = 0.998). The FIA method had good long-term stability (70
days) and reproducibility (within-day and between-day RSDs were 4.3–7.3% and
8.9%, respectively). In the microfluidic based system, the enzymes were immobilized
on (i) the surface of silicon microchips (42 porous flow channels, 10 mm length, 235
μm depth, 25 μm width), and (ii) polystyrene beads (particle size 20 μm). For the
microchip-based system (i), L-glutamate was detected within a range of 3.13-50 μM,
however, immobilized enzymes displayed a dramatic decrease in activity with time.
The bead-based system (ii) was developed for used with both the FIA and the
sequential injection analysis (SIA) modes, where good reproducibility for L-glutamate
calibrations was obtained (RSDs of 3.27 and 6.57%, respectively). In the case of SIA
the beads were introduced and removed from the microchip automatically, which is
suitable for routine analyses. The immobilized beads could be stored for at least 15
days with 72% of the activity remained. All developed methods demonstrated high
selectivity, where L-glutamate recovery was between 91-108%, in the presence of
various D or L-amino acids tested