Preecha Boonchoong. Synthesis of manganese-based Superoxide Dismutase mimics and evaluation for the antioxidant properties and neuroprotective actions . Doctoral Degree(Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Phytochemistry). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2003.
Synthesis of manganese-based Superoxide Dismutase mimics and evaluation for the antioxidant properties and neuroprotective actions
Abstract:
In this study, manganese is designed to incorporate into the structure of natural
antioxidants to mimic the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Manganese complexes of
curcumin (CpCpx) and diacetylcurcumin (AcylCpCpx) were synthesized and firstly
investigated for their in vitro antioxidant properties, the effect on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl
radical (•OH) and superoxide anion (O−•). By thiobarbituric method, CpCpx and AcylCpCpx
protected brain lipid against lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 6.32 and 6.82 μM,
respectively, which were comparable to those of their ligands. The effect on •OH was tested
by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO)
as a spin-trapping agent. CpCpx and AcylCpCpx inhibited DMPO/OH adduct formation
with an IC50 of 0.57 and 0.37 mM, respectively. So, they were the effective •OH scavengers
as was curcumin (IC50 of 0.64 mM). Effect on O−• was evaluated by both the nitroblue
tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay and EPR techniques. Using xanthine/xanthine oxidase
reaction as O−• source, CpCpx and AcylCpCpx inhibited the NBT reduction and decreased
the DMPO/OOH adduct much more than corresponding antioxidants or ligands, with IC50
values of 29.9 and 24.7 μM (NBT), and 1.09 and 2.40 mM (EPR), respectively. For EPR,
potassium superoxide (KO2) was used as another source of O2
−•, where qualitative results
suggested that CpCpx and AcylCpCpx might catalyze the conversion of O2
−• to dioxygen and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The novel complexes and promising manganese complexes from
previous studies were evaluated for the neuroprotective actions. AcylCpCpx and CpCpx
gave the highest inhibitory activity against H2O2-induced cell damage (oxidative stress) at
0.1 μg/ml (<0.2 μM) in NG108-15 cells. All complexes, except KojicCpx, significantly
improved the learning and memory impairment induced by transient ischemic/reperfusion in
mice at 50 mg/kg dose. AcylCpCpx, CpCpx and 7-hydroxylflavone complex (7-
OHFlavoneCpx) also showed significant protection at 6.25, 25 and 25 mg/kg, respectively,
while manganese acetate and curcumin had no effect at doses of 50 mg/kg. Treatment of
AcylCpCpx and curcumin significantly attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-
tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced striatal dopamine depletion in mice, which was in
accordance with the increase in the density of dopaminergic neurons when compared with
MPTP-treated mice. These results support the important role of manganese in importing
SOD activity and consequently, the enhancement of neuroprotective actions.