Retail trade in Japanese signature seal ‪(Hanko)‬ and other ivory items in Japan and Thailand and its effect on elephant conservation

การค้าปลีกแท่งประทับชื่อของคนญี่ปุ่น ‪(Hanko)‬ และผลิตภัณฑ์จากงาช้างอื่นๆ ในประเทศญี่ปุ่นและประเทศไทยและผลกระทบที่มีต่อการอนุรักษ์ช้าง

Name: Kanayama, Akiri

LCSH: Hanks family

LCSH: Ivory industry

LCSH: Retail trade

Abstract: Beyond the imposition of the international trade restrictions on the international ivory trade, decisions under CITES have had little effect on the domestic ivory trade. In many parts of the world, the domestic markets are still active as usual and without effective regulations. Today, the backbone of the trade is said to be a signature seal called Hanko in Japanese and used in Japan and other eastern Asian countries. In this study, it was investigated whether ivory Hanko in current demand in Japan and by tourists, has effects on conservation. In Japan, compared with the 1980s, the demand for ivory Hanko has decreased as a result of economic recession. The study estimated 300,000-350,000 Hanko are produced annually, requiring 15,000-53,000 kg of ivory, which can sustain only 1-4 years of domestic trade from the stock registered with government in 1999. The domestic ivory market in Japan can therefore not possibly be sustained from the stock recorded and indicates the presence of illegal ivory in the marketplace. Thus, ivory Hanko in current demand in Japan is effecting the elephant conservation. In addition, there was a significant number of ivory Hanko brought in Japan as souvenirs. Of an estimate of 46,000 souvenir Hanko yearly brought to Japan, over 60% were from China. In Thailand, a total of 28,000 ivory pieces weighing 1,500 kg were seen in 104 souvenir shops in Bangkok. The main buyers are eastern Asian tourists and businessmen from Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China. Hanko is said to be the most popular ivory item. The estimated annual demand for ivory Hanko in Bangkok alone is 4,000 while the volume of ivory obtained from domesticated elephants is 300-400 kg from which 5,000-6,700 Hanko can be produced. If ivory for Hanko production is obtained from domesticated elephants, it can fulfill the present demand for ivory Hanko in Bangkok. The future of elephants is highly dependent on the effectiveness of regulation in the domestic ivory market. The impact which the trade is having on the elephant population would possibly be minimized with strict measurements. Both countries, Japan and Thailand, require further improvement in control systems including the registration of available stock and any means to distinguish legal from illegal ivory.

Mahidol University

Address: NAKHON PATHOM

Email: liwww@mahidol.ac.th

Name: Sompoad Srikosamatara

Role: Thesis Advisors

Created: 2003

Modified: 2020-04-20

Issued: 2009-12-25

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

ISBN: 9740437001

CallNumber: TH K16rt 2003

eng

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Environmental Biology

Grantor: Mahidol University

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