Juntima Photi. Development of multiple-fortified bouillon cube and sugar cube products . Master's Degree(Food and Nutrition for Development). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2008.
Development of multiple-fortified bouillon cube and sugar cube products
Abstract:
Food fortification is an important strategy for controlling vitamin and mineral
deficiencies that affect more than 2 billion people around the world. Multiple
fortification can address deficiencies of two or more micronutrients at the same time.
Bouillon and sugar cubes were interesting vehicles for multiple fortification since
they were ingredients widely used in many dishes and beverages. Vitamin A
palmitate and acetate, B1, B2, folic acid, zinc, and iron as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4),
ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA), H-reduced elemental
iron (H-reduced EI), electrolytic elemental iron (electrolytic EI), and ferric
pyrophosphate (FP) were evaluated for their feasibilities to be fortified in bouillon and
sugar cubes at 1/3 Thai RDI per cube. In terms of sensory quality, the 6
micronutrients could be fortified in bouillon cube. Vitamin B2 could not be used as a
micronutrient in sugar cube because it caused an unacceptable color change. In
addition, only FP could be used as iron source in sugar cube. Vitamin A loss during
production of sugar cube was 68% and during storage of bouillon cube under
accelerated condition (45 oC under fluorescent light for 3 mo) was 90-94%. Losses of
vitamins B1, B2 and folic acid in bouillon cube during cooking were 0, 5, and 16%,
respectively. Under the accelerated storage condition, losses of iron, zinc, and B
vitamins in both kinds of cubes were 10-20%. Multiple-fortified bouillon cubes were
not significantly different from the unfortified ones in sensory Difference from
Control and sensory acceptability tests during storage (p>0.05). Rancidity in pork
and chicken bouillon cubes were significantly detectable after 3 and 4 wk storage.
However, products’ overall acceptability scores were approximately 6.0 on the 9-
point hedonic scale after 1.5 months. There was no significant effect of iron sources
on shelf stability of the fortified bouillon cubes. Fortification significantly affected
sensory qualities of sugar cube, especially odor and color (p<0.05). Color of the
fortified sugar cube became unacceptable after 3 months. One serving of bouillon
cube (5.5 g) and sugar cube (6 g) provided 11-16% and 18-22% of Thai RDI for the
fortifiable nutrients, respectively