Sunthararat Saktong. Distribution of manganese and copper in GAPs vineyard and its potential environmental risk : a case study at vineyard in Pak Chong district, Nakhonratchasima province . Master's Degree(Environmental Technology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2008.
Distribution of manganese and copper in GAPs vineyard and its potential environmental risk : a case study at vineyard in Pak Chong district, Nakhonratchasima province
Abstract:
A study on manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) distribution in the environment from the
application of agrochemical was performed on a Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) vineyard located
in Pak Chong District, Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand. The investigation was conducted on a
contamination of these pollutants on environmental compartments focusing on surface soil, sediment
and grape fruit grown in the study area. Potential environmental risks were evaluated using hazard
quotient equation (HQ), and bioaccumulation in grape was also investigated.
In the vineyard soil, Mn content ranged from 1,029 to 3,578 mg/kg dw whereas Cu content
ranged from 28 to 83 mg/kg dw and was elevated above background levels and soil quality standards
(metals in soil had no correlation with metals in grape fruit). In addition, low bioaccumulation of Mn
and Cu in grape fruit resulted from the bioavailable form of Mn and Cu. The concentrations in grape
ranged from 0.79 to 3.82 mg/kg ww and 0.39 to 1.82 mg/kg ww, respectively. For sediment in the
drainage system of the vineyard, Mn and Cu contents ranged from 526 to 4,490 mg/kg dw and 21 to 36
mg/kg dw, respectively, and was elevated above background levels and sediment quality standards.
The pollutants could be leached or washed out from surface soil and transported to the aquatic track.
Distribution of pollutants was investigated in the sediment of the receiving reservoir of the vineyard as
well as the outlet that flows directly into the public stream about 1 km from the study area. The results
showed that Mn and Cu were distributed not far from the contaminated site within a distance of 500 m
from the study area. It can be concluded that sediment of vineyard had a high capability for retention
of metals in sediment compartments, therefore these two heavy metals might be preferably
accumulated in sediment in the aquatic track in the study area, than distributed far from the vineyard.
It can be concluded that the accumulation of Mn and Cu in soil and sediment compartments
were elevated greater than the standards (HQ>1) and indicated the ecological risks at the site from
viticultural activities. The pollutants exist at a high concentration as viticultural activities have
operated for long period of time. However, Mn and Cu exist in the environment largely in the non
bioavailable form, which is influenced by site characteristics of soil and sediment. It had no toxic
effects on living organisms