Abstract:
The study of Sam Puot Sod, Phanung Thai Silk of Thai Surin khmer people were conducted both by survey and search from related documents. These studies were able to find not only the diversity of the textiles including methods of weaving the Mat Hi Hol and Mat Mi Am Prom but also the designers of the items and identified the antique Thai Silks of the Surin Khmer.
The results indicated that the Thai Surin Khmer wove 4 patterns of Phanung such as Mat Mi, Gingham and Structural textiles, weight twill weave ikats, Kaneaw and Common textiles
Phanung Mat Mi Styles The Surin khmer people created 5 methods of weaving Mat Mi such as Chong Hol (Mat Mi Hol), Chong sin (multiple colors of Mat Mi) and Chong Kra (Mat Mi Am Prom)
Phanung Lai Krong Sang (Structural deslgns) The studies indicated that the Surin Khmer weavers of Thai silk apparently had 8 styles. Those are Smore, Sacu, Ann Loui Seem, Sarong Sara (for female), Sarong Prao (for male), Troui Sanack and Rert Javert Patterns. This diversity of designs, however, were basically use for everyday wear and could not be found elsewhere.
Yok Doak Patterns (Weight twll weave ikats) There are 4 types of weaving. Firstly , Song tang Yok Doak such as Pha Lai Look Kaew 6 and 8 heddle twill and Lai Phak Wand or Prig Thai. Secondly, a small square structural design using multiple colors and weave alternately 3 and 4 heddle twill. These textiles are Laberk, Klet Tao. Thirdly, there were Look Mai textiles such as Phikul (4 heddle twill) and Dok Chan (9 heddle twill). Fourthly, the Zoomorphic patterns, were ikats in animal designs, the villagers most likely wove at the end of the Pha Khama (Purpose cloth) and included Elephants and Horses symbols. In the past they wove using their feet. In contrast, nowadays they make then by hand.
Hang Karoak (Twisted silk) or Kaneaw Textiles, however. Generally use for native Surin Khmer people are called Chong Kaben. Nowadays the tendency is to make fewer styles of the textiles for commercial purposes.
The comparative studies between Mat Mi Hol and Mat Mi Amprom was also made. There is an evidence Mat Mi Hol is the original of Mat Mi. The ancient textiles used Mai Noy, the native variety of silk, for supplementary weaves. The specific weaving methods of dyed thread can be woven into 4 types : Hol Ban Tad, Hol Pana, Hol Kiate and Hol Prao. Mat Mi Amprom, however, is an extraordinary textiles that is made by using two supplementary weaves. It consisted both of warp ikat and weft ikat. In Thailand, regardless, Mat Mi Amprom can be divided into 3 patterns due to natural color dyeing system. It depends upon the dyeing system on the background of the silk When we dyed Si Kra (White spot), Kal or Khe and blue color on it. The silk is named Am Prom Krang, Am Prom Khe and Am Prom Pha Kamaom, respectively.
The studies of the Thai Silk showed the specific styles found only in the Surin region. The important things are :
1. Mat Mi Hol is the original textiles modification for other designs.
2. Common dyeing can be woven into many items. Mat Mi Hol can be
woven into 4 types : Hol Ban Tad, Hol Pana, Hol Kiat and Hol Prao.
3. It was found that the Mat Mi Song tang in Surins region had a
different dyeing systems from the others.
4. Structural design was considered was considered for use everyday
wear.
5. Basically, the native Thai Silk variety, Mai Noy, was used for
weaving only Phanung.
6. Solar energy played an important role in dyeing.
7. Phanung Thai Silk showed the specific multiple colors.
8. Specific weaving of 3 heddle twill of Pnanung Thai Silk was foud.
Hence, the Mat Mi design is fine and durable.
9. The antique Mat Mi Pum was found in Surin. Thereafter, it was
distributed to Combodia. Later it returned to the Surin region.
10. The raw silk, called rough silk, however, is used for making sheets, shoulder cloth, scarf, tablecloth and decoration such as wallpaper.