Land Unilization and Agriculthral Products (1975-1993) and soil Potential Classification by Soil Fertility Capability Classification System in Surin & Sisaket
Abstract:
This study was collected of local researches and disseminated for 3 to 4 years the results have done in the same speciffic areas. The data was presented in terms of analysis of natural resources and environments of target areas of institute,Surin and Sisaket provinces.
First part, was shown a survey research of land utilization and agricultural products.The objectives were to be able to know the tendency of land use agricultural products, natural resources management and some problems. The Situation of event from the past and at presents will be considered. There are 2 steps for data collections. Step 1 survey portion from the government sectors such as specific area, regional and the nation . The analysis of data was done for the last 18 year of agriculgural statistics. These studies were also incorporate land use,products, income and inspection of the potential of basic factor for production such as soil resources, water resources, to pography and climate. The second portion regardless field study of the year 1993/94 and the questionnaire was done by interviewing the farmers or the leaders from 150 target villages with cover 2 provinces. The questionnaire was related the situation and tendency that affected on land utilization from the part up to present.
The results indicated that the basic natural resources like a soil resources, water, forest, topography and climate were the main together with topography were not appropriate. Lack of water sources, bout 95% depend on raining season whereas 5 % still used for natural water and irrigation. But the results also shown the area size for main crop products. About 75% the farmer grown rainy rice area (data from 8 million rai from overall 10.5 million rai). Crop season usually 3-8 month/year the rest,the land cannot be grown any crops because of lacking water and unsuitable land. Therefore,agricultural main products was rice and about 1 million metric ton/year. Aside from rice production,the investigation found that cassava, kenaf,corn,pea(bean),fruit, shallot or garic whith less than10% of rice production. In the year 1993/94 indicated that male farmer ranging from 30-50 years old whose long experience and usually transfer the labor to look for a job after rice plantation. The large village of 100 to 500 resulped in 5,000-20,000 baht income per family per year. In general, the farmer were low educated and finished olly elementary school. Somehow,approximately 60% was not interested learning. The culture, however, were differences. As a consequence, there are some problems for technology transfer. Soil and topography, on the other hand, were the big problems as well as coarse soil particle and lack of soil fertility. Some area was located in up land which there was no water resource. The farmers cultivated for small area, 10-20 rai. The land utilization was olly 3-8month / year . They known how to use manure, compost, green manure and mulching. Generally, they used certificate seed and the other were native variety. There is no irrigation technology while a little pesticide and machanice were used. The finding confirm the previous results but it obviously low yield, poor quality and lack of post harvest handship operation. Hemce,there are a big problems about marketing.
Since there are several problems concerning. The role of the governor must be provided facilities both natural resource and appropriate technology. The establish of agricultural sectors,dissemination technologt and quality improvement factor that affecting yield such as water source, fertilizer, variety, etc. Should be considered. The government shoud support the capital, marketing both local and export. The fermer or related person, however, must be acceped and participated in any activities.
The secon was mention through Fertility Capability Classification system for evaluating soil management in rice and other agronomic crops. The purposes were studied for basic data. Basic computer program were used. The classification of top, subsoil and other variables under FCC system to transform rating score and then classified. The other data form the soil survey were used for planing land utilization.
The conclusion of this studies indicated that most of area in Surin and Sisaket provinces was not appropriated for agriculture. The soil series at the 5th level for rice production was 87% or 85% for agronomic crops. Land utilization at 2rd, 3rd, 4th level were 0.74%, 7.66% and 7.08% respecpitely. For the agronomic crops of 3rd and 4th were 1.17 and 4.80 while vegetable and fruit crops was only 0.16 . The area was about 75.44% recommended that cannot be used for agriculture because there was limited of land utilization .So that it need to integrate the social, economic for supporting the FCC system . however, FCC system can be used for future studied.