Abstract:
Natural enemy complex of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) was conducted in many citrus areas in Thailand. Survey carried out from July 1998 to June 2000 was found 11 species of hymenopterous parasites, Quadrastichus sp., Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan), Teleopterus sp. And Microbracon sp. Were larval parasites and Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan, Sympiesis striatipes (Ashmead), Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, Eurytoma sp., Zaommomentedon brevipetiolatus Kamijo and Tetrastichus sp. Were pupal parasites. Another natural enemies was predators found larvae of Chrysoperla sp. And some spiders feed on larvae of P. citrella. The evaluation revealed that Quadrastichus sp. Was the most important larval parasite and A. citricola was the most important pupal parasite. These parasites will be used as biological control agents of P. citrella in Thailand. Laboratory study revealed that egg eclosion of P. citrella was 3.10 +- 0.46 days. The larva consisted of four instars before pupa. The mean durations of larval, pupal, male and female adult were 4.20 +- 0.53, 8.04 +- 0.92, 2.59 +- 0.93 and 4.04 +- 1.26 days, respectively. The analysis of biological life table of P. citrella resulted in the following biological attributes: the net reproductive rate of increase (Ro) was 23.3946; the capacity for increase (rc) was 0.1944; the finite rate of increase (lambda) was 1.2146 and the cohort generation time (Tc) was 16.2158 days.